Defining “Essay”
Adie Kleckner
Introduction
Rather than providing students with a definition for an essay (and therefore the requirements OF an essay), I invite students to define “essay.” After closely reading several essays, including Paul Lynch’s “The 6th Paragraph” which introduces students to Montaigne’s essais, and examining essays (or essay-like artifacts) in class, students and I collaborate on a definition.
I have approached this collaboration in a variety of ways. Sometimes students work in groups to provide a list of essay “must-haves.” Other times we come together after our close-reading and make a list of observations that then become a definition. This is a great place to spend time interrogating how we determine value in writing (often the definitions for what something is or isn’t is where racism hides):
Is it only an essay because our English teacher said it was an essay? Is it an essay because it aligns with SAE? Is it good because it follows the essay standards, and is it bad because it challenges those standards? What do essay readers need from an essay? What do essay writers need from an essay? Why do we write essays in the first place? Why can’t (or can) ChatGPT write my essay?
Regardless of approach, the goal is for the definition to become the foundation of the students’ essay writing process, and eventually it will be the definition alongside which they assess and reflect on their writing and writing process.
Note: This activity was inspired by the way in which David Campos invites students to define plot and story in his Creative Writing Classroom through sharing and examining the oral traditions around them.
Some Context
Prior to this assignment, students will have:
- Read and annotated Paul Lynch’s “The 6th Paragraph“
- Read and annotated several essays of various genres and modalities. Here are some of my favorites:
- Selections from Jump+: The Journal for Undergraduate Multimedia Projects
- Gloria Anzaldua’s “How to Tame a Wild Tongue“
- Rebecca Solnit’s “In Praise of the Meander“
- Julie Marie Wade’s “What’s Missing Here? A Fragmentary, Lyric Essay About Fragmentary, Lyric Essays“
- Collaboratively defined “essay”
Assignment
Purpose
As we have been discussing, reading and writing are intrinsically linked. In this assignment you are going to find an essay to use as inspiration for your own writing and annotate that essay.
This essay is one that you will use as a model for your own writing. In other words, you will look to it, along with the material we are covering in class, to help you figure out what you’re doing. This essay does not need to be on the same topic you are choosing (although it can be). However, it should be an essay that, for whatever reason, you like. Maybe you like the way the author sounds in the essay. Maybe the subject is interesting to you. Maybe you like the way the text is organized or structured.
You will be returning again and again to this essay throughout this class. Becoming familiar with this essay now (and making annotations for your future self!) will save you time in the long run.
Course Goal
- Apply key rhetorical concepts (writer, audience, subject, purpose, and context) in order to analyze and compose a variety of texts.
- Analyze texts as purposeful responses to a variety of situations and contexts as well as products of social identity (e.g., gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and social class).
- Demonstrate information competency by locating, reading, and evaluating a diverse range of primary and secondary research materials (both scholarly and popular) in order to synthesize original ideas with those from appropriate sources.
Module Goal
- Find an essay to use as inspiration in your own writing.
- Use rhetorical analysis as a writing and reading tool.
Antiracist Goals
There isn’t one “right” way to write, communicate, or organize ideas. Rather than providing a structure that values one way of thinking and doing, you are going to consider how and why you want to write by finding a text that you find inspiring.
Task Instructions
Step One: Find an Inspiration Essay
Find an essay as inspiration using the advice provided earlier in this weeks’ module.
Step Two: Annotate the Essay
Closely read and annotate your chosen essay. Your annotations can be ANYTHING, but it will help (hint, hint: you’ll be addressing these questions next week) if you consider the following:
- Why is the author writing on “this” topic or aspect of identity specifically? What in their life, in their family, in their communities, or in the world around them prompted them to write on what they did? Exigency
- What overall argument and sub-arguments are they trying to make via the text? Arguments are often the “claims” the author is making in the text. Some are large and overarching (thesis like) and apply to the entire text, while others are smaller and may only apply to a portion of the text (sub points that in some way develop your overall argument). Argument
- What does the author want their readers to “get out of” this text? In other words, what do they hope this text will achieve, its ultimate goal? In sum, what do they want their readers to walk away thinking, feeling, believing, revaluating, or doing etc. Purpose
- To whom did the author write the text? What individuals or groups of individuals might benefit most from engaging with the piece and in what ways? Why did they choose these as their audiences? Are you the primary audience? What are the potential secondary or unintended audiences and why/in what ways? Audience
- In an attempt to reach their audiences, convey their message, and fulfill their purpose, navigate constraints, adhere to genre conventions etc, what choices did the author make or strategies did they use? These are also sometimes called “moves.” If you are struggling with these, they really are just the choices or decisions the author made about the text. Rhetorical Choices
- In what ways was the author trying to appeal to their audiences via their choices/strategies? Ethos (appeals to character or trustworthiness), Pathos (appeals to emotion for feeling), Logos (appeals to reason, logic, or critical thinking).
- What are some constraints they experienced when writing this text? What did they have to take into consideration when writing this text with regard to its genre, their audience, their subject matter, choices they made, their topic, their purpose, their writing environment, their process, their life etc? How did they “navigate” or address this constraint? Explain a bit. Constraints
Tech support
There are many ways that you can annotate:
Option One: Use Markup Hero. This free PDF annotation tool will allow you to annotate any PDF and share your annotations. You will need to download your chosen essay as a PDF (you can do this by printing it to PDF). Then, follow the instructions on the Markup Hero website on how to upload and annotate your chosen text.
Option Two: Copy and paste your chosen essay into Word. Then annotate using the comments feature. Instructions on how to leave, edit, or delete comments is available here: Microsoft Support
Option Three: Print a hard copy of your model essay (you can print at any Pierce College library or computer labs), annotate by hand, and upload images of your annotations.
Option Four: Another way that makes sense to you.
Completion Criteria
Submit to complete this assignment.
Download the Instructions
- Download the assignment as a Word File: Annotating your Inspiration Essay (.DOCX)
- Download the assignment as a PDF: Annotating your Inspiration Essay (.PDF)
Reimagining & Remixing
- I think this series of activities could provide lots of opportunities to explore genres of writing/composition beyond the academic essay. In other courses I have invited students to explore a collection of materials that aren’t traditional essays and asked them to evaluate the ways in which they are essay-ish.
- I’ve also considered having students read both essays and things that are absolutely not essays to provide more contrast as they develop their definition.