Contents

 

 

Preface5

Acknowledgments:6

New to the Third Edition:6

Packages needed for R Studio:7

Statistical Basics9

What is Statistics?9

Sampling Methods18

Experimental Design25

How Not to Do Statistics30

Graphical Descriptions of Data37

Qualitative Data38

Quantitative Data49

Other Graphical Representations of Data67

Numerical Descriptions of Data87

Measures of Center87

Measures of Spread101

Ranking112

Probability123

Empirical Probability124

Theoretical Probability130

Conditional Probability143

Counting Techniques154

Discrete Probability Distributions157

Basics of Probability Distributions158

Binomial Probability Distribution165

Mean and Standard Deviation of Binomial Distribution171

Continuous Probability Distributions177

Finding Probabilities for the Normal Distribution183

3

Assessing Normality194

Sampling Distribution and the Central Limit Theorem201

One-Sample Inference215

Basics of Hypothesis Testing215

One-Sample Proportion Test227

One-Sample Test for the Mean233

Estimation263

Basics of Confidence Intervals263

One-Sample Interval for the Proportion266

One-Sample Interval for the Mean271

Two-Sample Inference289

Two Proportions289

Paired Samples for Two Means295

Independent Samples for Two Means315

Which Analysis Should You Conduct?329

Regression and Correlation333

Regression333

Correlation353

Inference for Regression and Correlation359

Chi-Square and ANOVA Tests367

Chi-Square Test for Independence367

Chi-Square Goodness of Fit373

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)377