2 German 1 Mod 2 – das Wetter und das Jahr Study Sheet

G121 das Wetter Mod 2 Study Sheet 

Periods of Time·       der Tag –e   day

·       die Woche –n   week

·       der Monat –e   month

·       die Jahreszeit –en   ROBOTALK: „year time“/season

·       das Jahr –e   year

·       das Schaltjahr  -e  leap year

die Tage

·       der Sonntag –e   Sunday

·       der Montag –e   Monday

·       der Dienstag –e   Tuesday

·       der Mittwoch –e   Wednesday (midweek)

·       der Donnerstag –e   Thursday

·       der Freitag –e   Friday

·       der Samstag –e   Saturday

·       die Woche –n   week

·        das Wochenende –n   weekend

·        vorgestern   the day before yesterday

·        gestern   yesterday

·        heute   today

·        morgen   tomorrow

·        übermorgen   the day after tomorrow (think “skip over tomorrow”)

NOTE: to say on a day/the weekend use am (z.B. am Freitag; am Wochenede).

 

Weekday Abbreviations: Store hours will often use the following abbreviations for weekdays instead of the full word – So. (Sonntag), Mo. (Montag), Di. (Dienstag), Mi. (Mittwoch), Do. (Donnerstag), Fr. (Freitag), and Sa. (Samstag).

 

die Jahreszeiten

·       der Winter –   Winter

·       der Frühling –   Spring (Tip: früh means early)

·       der Sommer –   Summer

·       der Herbst –   Fall

NOTE: to say in or during a season use im (z.B. im Winter).

 

Monate

·       der Januar   January

·       der Februar   February

·       der März   March

·       der April   April

·       der Mai   May

·       der Juni   June

·       der Juli   July

·       der August   August

·       der September   September

·       der Oktober   October

·       der November   November

·       der Dezember   December

NOTE: for in or during a month use im (z.B. im Oktober).

 

 

Weather Nouns

·       das Wetter   weather

·       die Wolke –n   cloud

·       der Regen   rain

·       der Sprühregen   drizzling rain

·       der Regenbogen   rainbow

·       der Regenschirm -e   umbrella

·       der Schnee   snow

·       der Sturm  – ü e  storm

·       das Gewitter –  thunderstorm

·       die Hitzewelle –n  heatwave

·       der Orkan  –e  hurricane

·       der Tornado  –s  tornado

·       der Donner   thunder

·       der Blitz   lightning

·       der Wind   wind

·       der Himmel   sky/heaven

·       die Sonne -n   sun

·       der Sonnenschein  sunshine

·       der Mond –e   moon

·       der Stern -e  star

·       der Nebel   fog

·       der Rauch  smoke

·       der Hagel   hail

·       der Frost   frost

·       das Eis   ice

·       das Blitzeis –  black ice/ transparent ice on the road

 

 

Describing the WeatherThere are 3 main ways to answer the question Wie ist das Wetter? (How is the weather) auf Deutsch:

1.   Es ist + Weather Adjective

2.   Es + Weather Verb Conjugated

3.   Es gibt + Weather Noun

 

Es ist + Weather Adjective

·       sonnig   sunny

·       warm   warm

·       heiβ   hot

·       schwül  muggy/humid

·       schön   beautiful

·       heiter   mainly sunny, bright, cheerful

·       regnerisch   rainy

·       stürmisch   stormy

·       wolkig/bewölkt/bedeckt   cloudy/„covered“

·       schlecht   bad

·       scheußlich   horrible

·       kalt   cold

·       kühl   cool

·       windig   windy

·       eisig   icy

·        nebelig/neblig   foggy

·       wechselhaft   ever changing/temperamental (also moody)

 

Es + Weather Verb (conjugated)

·       Es regnet.   It rains.

·       Es donnert.   It thunders.

·       Es blitzt.   It „lightnings.“

·       Es schneit.   It snows. (say “I”)

·        Es gewittert.   There is a thunderstorm.

·        Es hagelt.  It hails.

 

 

Es gibt + Weather Noun

·       Es gibt _____.   There is ____.

·       Regen (m)  rain

·       einen Regenbogen (m)  a rainbow

·       Sonnenschein (m)   sunshine

·       eine Hitzewelle (f)  heatwave

·       Hagel (m)   hail

·       Frost (m)  frost

·       Gewitter (n)   thunderstorm

·       Schnee (m)   snow (say “A”)

·       Donner (m)   thunder

·       Blitz (m)   lightning

·       Wind (m)   wind

·       Nebel (m)   fog

·       Rauch (m)  smoke

·       Eis (n)   ice

 

NOTE: Es gibt means there is/there are. This is a very useful phrase especially for when traveling in German-speaking countries. When not used in this idiomatic phrase, geben means to give.

 

Less Common Weather Phrases

1.   Die Sonne scheint. – The sun shines.

2.   Der Himmel ist _____. – The sky is ____.

o   hell   bright

o   dunkel   dark

o   blau   blue

o   grau   gray

o   wolkig/bewölkt/bedeckt   cloudy

 

3.   Das Thermometer zeigt ______ Grad. – The thermometer is pointing to ____ degrees.

 

Temperature Conversions: All German speaking countries/all countries except the US, US Territories, the Cayman Islands and Liberia use Celsius instead of Fahrenheit.

·       Fahrenheit to Celsius: Subtract 32 then divide by 1.8

·       Celsius to Fahrenheit: multiply by 1.8 then add 32

How Cold/Warm it FeelsWhen asking someone if they are feeling cold or warm use the construction below.

1.   Fragen: Is it ____ to you?

·            Formal: Ist es Ihnen kalt/warm/usw.?

·            Informal: Ist es dir kalt/warm/usw.?

2.   Antwort: Yes/no, it is _____ to me.

·       Ja/Nein, es ist mir _____.

o   kalt   cold

o   kühl   cool

o   warm   warm

o   heiβ   hot

3.   KEEP IT GOING:

·       Formal: → Und Ihnen?

·       Informal: → Und dir?

VORSICHT (careful)!!!!!: 

·        “Ich bin kalt.” means I am frigid, NOT I am cold.

·        “Ich bin heiβ.” means I am in heat, NOT I am hot.

·        Heiβ is also slang for sexy, like hot is in English.

 

Satzstellung (Sentence Structure): As in any language, there are rules for how to order the different parts of a sentence. There are many things that German and English have in common, but German sentence structure is more flexible than English sentence structure as is shown in the examples below:

·       Der Himmel ist heute blau in Augsburg.

·       Heute ist der Himmel blau in Augsburg.

·       Blau ist der Himmel heute in Augsburg.

·       In Augsburg ist der Himmel heute blau.

NOTE: All these sentences mean the same thing (The sky is blue today in Augsburg.). The only difference is whatever is in 1st position is what the speaker is trying to emphasize.

 

Sentence Ordering Rules:

1. The verb must be in 2nd Position. Think of the verb as the Pin in the Pinwheel; it stays put while everything else moves around.
2. The subject (the noun that is doing something) makes the verb change its ending to hang out with the subject (Subject-Verb agreement/conjugation).
3. Verb touches Subject   Subject must be in 1st or 3rd position.
4. Anything can be in 1st Position (emphasis).
5. After getting past the 1st Position, the Subject and the Verb, the rest of the sentence must follow the order of Time (1st), Manner (2nd), Place (3rd).

 

Tips for Learning Noun Gender: It is very important to learn the gender of each new noun. Below are a few clues for the vocab topics covered in this unit.

·       Days of the week are masculine since they all end with the masculine noun Tag.

o   der Freitag

o   der Samstag

·       All seasons are masculine, but the word die Jahreszeit (ROBOTALK “year time”/season) is feminine.

o   der Herbst

o   der Sommer

·        All months and the word for month (der Monat) are masculine nouns.

o   der Oktober

o   der April

·        Most weather elements are masculine nouns (exceptions: die Sonne, das Eis, das Gewitter, die Wolke)

o   der Frost

o   der Blitz

o   der Wind

·       Most nouns that end in -el are masculine

o   der Hagel

o   der Nebel

o   der Himmel

·       Most nouns that end in -en are masculine; this rule does not work with nouns that are made from infinitives.

o   der Regen

o   der Regenbogen

·       Most words that start with Ge- are neuter.

o   das Gewitter

o   das Gebusch

o   das Gebirge

 

Aussprache:·       -ich and -ig make a white noise leaky balloon sound, not itch, ick or ig. Some regions pronounce this “ish”.

o   ich

o   nicht

o   sonnig

·       When not followed by a vowel or directly after an N or I, G makes a “cuh” sound

o   Guten Tag!

o   Am Montag

·       J makes a “yuh“ sound (loanword exceptions: Jeans, Jazz, Job, jobben, joggen).

o   ja

o   der Juni

·       H makes a “huh”sound at the beginning of words

o   der Himmel

o   der Herbst

·       a few words do not have an h sound and it only makes the vowel it comes after longer.

o   das Jahr (no “huh”)

o   der Frühling (no “huh”)

o   wohnen (no “huh”)

o   gehen (no “huh”)

o   sehen (no “huh”)

o   sehr (no “huh”)