Glossary
Term |
Definition |
| Accessibility | the degree to which something, such as a destination, service, or resource, is easily reachable, available, or usable by people, regardless of physical, sensory, or cognitive abilities. |
| Accessibility | the degree to which something, such as a destination, facility, or service, is easily reachable, usable, or available to people, including those with disabilities or special needs. |
| Accessible Facilities | Facilities, amenities, or environments that are designed, equipped, and maintained to be easily accessible and usable by individuals with disabilities or special needs, ensuring inclusivity and equal access for all. |
| Accommodations | Facilities or establishments providing lodging, shelter, or housing for travelers or guests, including hotels, motels, resorts, and vacation rentals. |
| Accounts Payable | The department or function responsible for managing and processing payments to vendors, suppliers, and creditors for goods and services received by the hotel or hospitality establishment. |
| Accouterments | accessories, equipment, or items used to complement or enhance a particular activity, function, or lifestyle, such as travel gear, gadgets, or personal belongings. |
| Active Listening | A communication technique that involves fully concentrating on what is being said by a speaker, understanding their message, and responding appropriately. It requires attentiveness, empathy, and engagement to facilitate effective communication and understanding. |
| Adventure Tourism | Adventure tourism involves travel to remote or exotic destinations to engage in physically or culturally challenging activities such as trekking, mountaineering, wildlife safaris, or extreme sports. |
| Advocacy | the act of supporting, promoting, or championing a cause, issue, or policy, often aimed at influencing public opinion, decision-making, or policy outcomes. |
| Aerial Tramways | Cable transportation systems consisting of gondolas or cable cars suspended from overhead cables, used to transport passengers or cargo between elevated or distant locations, such as mountain resorts or urban areas. |
| Aesthetic | the appreciation or perception of beauty, art, or design, often involving sensory experiences and subjective interpretations. |
| Affinity | group travel experiences organized around shared interests, affiliations, or memberships, such as hobby groups, clubs, associations, or professional organizations. |
| Agribusiness | The integration of various agricultural and business activities within the agricultural food production and distribution chain. |
| Agritourism | tourism activities and experiences that involve visiting agricultural operations, farms, vineyards, or rural areas to learn about farming practices, food production, and rural life. |
| Agritourism | Tourism activities and experiences centered around agricultural operations, farms, or rural areas. Agritourism offers visitors opportunities to engage in farm-related activities, learn about agriculture, and experience rural lifestyles. |
| Air Traffic Control (Atc) | a system of communication, navigation, and surveillance used by air traffic controllers to monitor and manage the movement of aircraft in airspace and on runways, ensuring safe and efficient air travel operations. |
| Aircraft Emissions | Emissions produced by aircraft, including greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which contribute to air pollution and climate change. |
| Airline Industry | companies and operators involved in providing air transportation services for passengers and cargo, including airlines, air carriers, and aviation-related businesses, such as airports and aircraft manufacturers. |
| Airline Wholesalers | A company that negotiates net rates for air travel products for resale to travel agents, OTAs, travel management companies, or tour operators. |
| Airlines Reporting Corporation (Arc) | a financial settlement system used by airlines and travel agencies in the United States to process and reconcile ticket sales, payments, and commissions for air travel transactions. |
| Airport Hotels | Lodging properties located near airports, offering convenient accommodations and services to travelers with early departures, layovers, or late arrivals, often featuring shuttle services and amenities tailored for air passengers. |
| Airport Operations | The management and coordination of various activities and services at airports, including ground handling, passenger services, security, air traffic control, and facilities management. |
| All-Inclusive Hotels | Lodging establishments offering comprehensive vacation packages that include accommodations, meals, beverages, activities, and amenities, providing guests with a hassle-free and inclusive vacation experience. |
| All-Suite Hotels | Lodging properties featuring suites as the primary type of accommodation, typically offering larger living spaces, kitchen facilities, and enhanced amenities compared to standard hotel rooms. |
| Alumni | trips and tours organized for former students or graduates of educational institutions, allowing them to reconnect with classmates, faculty, or alma mater through travel experiences. |
| Amadeus | a leading global technology provider for the travel industry, offering solutions and services, including GDS systems, booking platforms, airline IT solutions, and travel management software. |
| Ambiance | The overall atmosphere, mood, and environment of a dining establishment or foodservice venue, including factors such as decor, lighting, music, layout, and design, which contribute to the guest experience. |
| Amenities | supplementary features, services, or facilities provided to enhance the comfort, convenience, and enjoyment of guests or customers, including in accommodations, transportation, and leisure venues. |
| Amenities | Supplementary features, facilities, or services provided to enhance the comfort, convenience, and enjoyment of guests or visitors, such as pools, spas, fitness centers, and dining options. |
| Americans With Disabilities Act (Ada) | A U.S. civil rights law enacted to prohibit discrimination and ensure equal opportunities for individuals with disabilities, including accessibility requirements for transportation services and facilities. |
| Amusement Park | Entertainment venue featuring rides, attractions, games, and other recreational activities designed to provide thrills, excitement, and enjoyment for visitors of all ages. |
| Amusement/Entertainment Attractions | Recreational facilities, theme parks, or venues offering entertainment, rides, shows, and attractions for visitors and tourists seeking leisure, excitement, and family-friendly experiences. |
| Analytics | The systematic analysis and interpretation of data, statistics, and metrics to gain insights, make informed decisions, and optimize performance in various aspects of hospitality and tourism operations. |
| Ancillary Sales Agents | individuals or departments within travel companies responsible for promoting and selling additional products, services, or upgrades to customers, such as travel insurance, seat upgrades, or car rentals. |
| Annual Report | a comprehensive document published by an organization or company that provides stakeholders with information about its performance, activities, financial results, and achievements over the past year. |
| Anthropologists | social scientists who study human societies, cultures, behaviors, and beliefs across time and space, employing methods such as ethnography, archaeology, and comparative analysis. |
| Antiquity | the ancient past, particularly the period of history before the Middle Ages or the time of classical civilizations such as ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. |
| Aquatic Centers | Facilities or complexes equipped with pools, water features, and amenities for recreational swimming, aquatic sports, fitness, and leisure activities. |
| Archaeological | the study, excavation, and analysis of material remains, artifacts, or structures left behind by past human cultures and civilizations, providing insights into history, culture, and society. |
| Archaeologists | scientists who study human history and prehistory by excavating, analyzing, and interpreting material remains, artifacts, structures, and sites left behind by past cultures and civilizations. |
| Archivists | professionals who collect, preserve, organize, and provide access to historical documents, records, manuscripts, and archives for research, reference, and cultural heritage purposes. |
| Aristocrats | individuals belonging to the highest social class or nobility, often characterized by hereditary privilege, wealth, and political power. |
| Aromatherapy | The practice of using natural plant extracts and essential oils to promote health, well-being, and relaxation through inhalation, massage, or topical application, often used in spas, wellness centers, and holistic therapies. |
| Art Museum | galleries that display art objects such as paintings, photography, sculpture, etc. |
| Artificial Intelligence | The simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems, including learning, reasoning, and problem-solving, used in various applications, including transportation and mobility. |
| Artificial Intelligence Chatbots | computer programs or algorithms that use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to simulate human conversation and interaction, providing automated responses and assistance to users via messaging platforms or websites. |
| Assisted Living | facilities providing housing, personal care services, and support for older adults who need assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing, dressing, medication management, and meal preparation. Residents receive customized care plans based on their individual needs. |
| Association Of Zoos And Aquariums (Aza) | A nonprofit organization representing zoos, aquariums, and related institutions committed to animal welfare, conservation, education, and research. The AZA accredits member facilities based on rigorous standards of animal care, management, and conservation practices. |
| Attendees | A combination of delegates, exhibitors, media, speakers, and guests / companions who attend an event. |
| Audio-Visual (A/V) | Equipment, technologies, and systems used to enhance and facilitate audio and visual communication, presentations, and experiences at events, meetings, or conferences. |
| Automation Software | technology that automates repetitive tasks, processes, or workflows within organizations, reducing manual effort, errors, and costs while improving efficiency and productivity. |
| Automobile Travel | Travel and transportation utilizing automobiles or cars for mobility, exploration, and leisure, revolutionizing tourism and transportation accessibility in the 20th century. |
| Autonomous Guided Vehicles | Vehicles equipped with autonomous or self-driving technology, capable of navigating and operating without human intervention, used in various industries for transportation and logistics. |
| Autonomous Vehicle | A self-driving or driverless vehicle equipped with sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence technology to navigate and operate safely without human intervention, potentially revolutionizing transportation and mobility. |
| Average Daily Rate (Adr) | A key performance metric in the hospitality industry representing the average revenue earned per occupied room or unit for a specific period, calculated by dividing total room revenue by the number of occupied rooms. |
| Average Revenue Per Customer | A key performance indicator (KPI) that measures the average amount of revenue generated from each customer or client over a certain period, helping businesses assess customer value and profitability. |
| Aza-Accredited | Designation granted to zoos, aquariums, and related facilities that meet the accreditation standards set by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Accredited institutions adhere to high standards of animal care, conservation, education, and guest experience. |
| B2B (Business To Business) Tour Operators | do not sell to the general public but instead sell their packages through the travel trade, such as travel agents or B2C tour operators, or through corporations, affinity groups, and other intermediaries. |
| B2C (Business To Consumer) Tour Operators | companies or businesses that directly market and sell travel products, services, and experiences to individual consumers or end-users, such as vacation packages, tours, or activities. |
| Baby Boomer | A term used to describe individuals born during the post-World War II baby boom between 1946 and 1964, characterized by a significant demographic cohort with distinct social, cultural, and economic influences. |
| Baccarat | A card game played between the player and the banker, where the goal is to achieve a hand total closest to nine, with rules for drawing additional cards and determining the winner based on predetermined criteria. |
| Back-Of-House Management | The operational and administrative functions of hospitality establishments that occur behind the scenes, including staff management, inventory control, purchasing, and facilities maintenance. |
| Bank Travel Clubs | membership programs or groups offered by financial institutions to their customers, providing access to exclusive travel deals, discounts, and benefits. |
| Banquet Event Order (Beo) | A document or contract detailing the specifications, requirements, and arrangements for a banquet or catering event, including menu selections, service instructions, and logistical details. |
| Banquet Services | banquet services specialize in providing food and beverage offerings for large gatherings, celebrations, or formal events such as banquets, receptions, or conferences. |
| Banquets | Formal or ceremonial meals or feasts hosted for a large number of guests, often held to celebrate special occasions, milestones, or events, featuring multiple courses and elaborate presentations. |
| Bed And Breakfasts | Small lodging establishments offering overnight accommodations and breakfast services, often operated by local hosts or innkeepers, known for their cozy and personalized guest experiences. |
| Bed Banks | A company that negotiates net rates for hotel travel products for resale to travel agents, OTAs, travel management companies, or tour operators. |
| Bellman | a hotel staff member responsible for assisting guests with their luggage, providing information about hotel amenities and services, and performing various customer service tasks, such as hailing taxis or arranging transportation. |
| Benchmarking | The process of comparing and measuring performance metrics, practices, and standards against industry peers, competitors, or best practices to identify opportunities for improvement and achieve strategic goals. |
| Bigotry | intolerance, discrimination, or hostility towards individuals or groups perceived as different, inferior, or unworthy based on their race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics. |
| Bike-Sharing Programs | Public bicycle rental systems or services where individuals can rent bikes for short-term use and return them to designated stations or docking points, promoting sustainable and active transportation options. |
| Biochemistry | The branch of science that explores the chemical processes and substances occurring within living organisms, including the study of biochemical reactions, molecules, and metabolic pathways. |
| Biodiversity | the variety and variability of life forms within ecosystems, including different species of plants, animals, microorganisms, and genetic diversity. Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem health, resilience, and ecosystem services. |
| Biologists | scientists who study living organisms and their interactions with the environment, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and ecosystems. |
| Biometrics | Automated methods of recognizing and verifying individuals based on their unique physical or behavioral characteristics, such as fingerprints, iris patterns, or facial features, commonly used for security and identification purposes in transportation. |
| Blackjack | A popular casino card game where players compete against the dealer, attempting to achieve a card total as close to 21 as possible without exceeding it, commonly played with one or more standard decks of cards. |
| Bleisure Travel | a term that combines the words “business” and “leisure.” It refers to a type of travel where individuals, typically business travelers, extend their business trips for leisure or recreational purposes. |
| Board Of Directors | a governing body or group of individuals elected or appointed to oversee the management and strategic direction of an organization, including setting policies, making decisions, and providing oversight. |
| Boarding House | A lodging establishment offering affordable accommodations and meals on a long-term basis, historically providing room and board for transient workers, students, or travelers. |
| Boat Trains | railway services specifically designed to transport passengers between a port and a railway station, facilitating travel connections between sea and land transportation modes. |
| Botanists | scientists who study plants, including their classification, structure, physiology, ecology, and distribution. |
| Boutique Hotels | Small, intimate, and stylish lodging properties offering unique design, ambiance, and personalized service, often located in trendy or distinctive locations, catering to discerning travelers seeking boutique experiences. |
| Brand Usa | The official destination marketing organization for the United States. It is a public-private partnership that promotes international travel to the United States, enhances the country’s image as a travel destination, and drives economic growth through tourism. |
| Branding | creating a unique identity, image, and perception for a product, service, or destination, including its name, logo, design, and messaging, to differentiate it from competitors and attract customers. |
| Budget Hotels | Lodging establishments offering affordable accommodations and basic amenities targeted at budget-conscious travelers or tourists seeking value-oriented lodging options. |
| Budgeting | The process of planning, estimating, and allocating financial resources or budgets for various expenses, projects, or operations within hospitality and tourism businesses. |
| Bus Rapid Transit (Brt) Systems | High-capacity public transportation systems utilizing dedicated bus lanes, priority signals, and other features to provide fast, reliable, and efficient bus service comparable to light rail or metro systems. |
| Business Class | A premium class of service offered by airlines or railways, providing passengers with additional comfort, amenities, and services compared to economy class, including priority boarding, lie-flat seats, and upgraded meals. |
| Business Events | organized gatherings, meetings, conferences, exhibitions, trade shows, conventions, seminars, and other similar activities that are conducted for business or professional purposes. |
| Business Hotels | Lodging properties catering primarily to business travelers, offering amenities and services tailored to the needs of corporate guests, such as meeting facilities, business centers, and high-speed internet access. |
| Business Improvement District Assessment | a levy imposed on businesses within a specific district to fund improvements, services, and promotional activities that benefit the district as a whole. |
| Business Travel | travel undertaken for work-related purposes, such as attending meetings, conferences, training sessions, or conducting business transactions. |
| Buyer’S Journey | the process or stages that individuals go through when making purchasing decisions, including awareness, consideration, decision-making, and post-purchase evaluation. |
| Cable Cars | A type of public transportation system utilizing cable-driven vehicles or tramway systems to transport passengers along steep inclines or mountainous terrain, commonly found in hilly or rugged landscapes. |
| Campground Ownership | The ownership and management of campgrounds and RV parks, including private ownership, franchise ownership, and public ownership by government agencies or park authorities. |
| Campgrounds | Outdoor recreational facilities or sites providing spaces for camping, tenting, or RV parking, equipped with amenities such as toilets, showers, and picnic areas, often located in natural or rural settings. |
| Camping | A form of accommodation and recreation where individuals or groups stay outdoors in temporary shelters, typically tents, for leisure and enjoyment. |
| Canning | Involves first sealing food in airtight containers and then heating the food to kill bacteria. This process allows food to be shelf-stable and safe to eat for months or even years. |
| Cap Rate | Capitalization rate, a financial metric used to estimate the rate of return on real estate investments, calculated by dividing the property’s net operating income by its purchase price or value. |
| Car Culture | a societal emphasis or reliance on automobiles for transportation and mobility, often characterized by a preference for personal vehicle ownership, suburban sprawl, and automobile-centric infrastructure. |
| Car Rental Operation | a business or service that provides rental vehicles to customers for short-term use, allowing individuals to access transportation without owning a car, typically offered at airports, city locations, or online platforms. |
| Caravansaries | Historic roadside inns or lodging facilities found along trade routes, offering accommodations, stabling, and amenities for travelers and merchants during ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange. |
| Carbon-Neutral | achieving a balance between the amount of carbon dioxide emissions produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere, typically through offsetting measures like carbon credits or renewable energy investments. |
| Casino Cashiers | Employees responsible for handling financial transactions, payouts, and exchanges at casino cashiers’ cages or windows, including processing chips, tokens, currency, and credit transactions. |
| Casino Manager | An executive or manager responsible for overseeing the operations, administration, and strategic direction of a casino or gaming establishment, ensuring compliance, profitability, and customer satisfaction. |
| Casinos | Facilities or establishments offering gambling, gaming, and entertainment activities such as slot machines, table games, poker, shows, and dining options, often found in resorts, hotels, or standalone complexes. |
| Catalyst | A catalyst is a person, event, or thing that precipitates or accelerates change, development, or progress within a system or context. |
| Catering | The provision of food and beverage services for events, gatherings, or functions, including menu planning, food preparation, delivery, setup, and service at the event venue. |
| Catering Services | Businesses or companies that provide food and beverage services for events, parties, weddings, meetings, or other special occasions, including menu planning, food preparation, delivery, and on-site service. |
| Catering Services | Professional services provided by catering companies or businesses, including menu selection, food preparation, presentation, service staff, equipment rental, and cleanup, tailored to the needs of clients or events. |
| Cbre | A global commercial real estate services and investment firm, providing advisory, brokerage, and property management services to clients in the hospitality industry and other sectors. |
| Centralized Data Analytics | the process of collecting, storing, and analyzing data from various sources within a centralized database or platform, allowing organizations to derive insights, make informed decisions, and optimize performance across different departments or functions. |
| Ceo | (Chief Executive Officer): the highest-ranking executive in a company or organization. They are responsible for making major corporate decisions, managing overall operations, and implementing strategies to ensure the company’s success and growth. |
| Ceremonies | formal or ritualized events or observances conducted to mark significant milestones, achievements, transitions, or rites of passage, often involving symbolic gestures, speeches, or rituals. |
| Certificate In Hotel Industry Analytics (Chia) | A professional certification program offered by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute (AHLEI) focusing on hotel industry analytics, data analysis, and performance metrics. |
| Certified Hospitality Marketing Executive (Chme) | A professional certification program offered by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute (AHLEI) focusing on hospitality marketing strategies, tactics, and best practices |
| Certified Hospitality Technology Professional (Chtp) | A professional certification program offered by Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals (HFTP) focusing on hospitality technology systems, solutions, and management. |
| Ceviche | A traditional Latin American dish made from raw fish or seafood that is marinated and “cooked” in citrus juices such as lime or lemon, often mixed with onions, peppers, herbs, and spices, resulting in a tangy, flavorful appetizer or salad. |
| Chain Scales | A classification system used to categorize hotel chains or brands based on factors such as size, price, target market, and level of service, providing a framework for comparing and analyzing hotel portfolios. |
| Chains | Hospitality brands or companies operating multiple properties under a common brand name or umbrella, sharing standardized policies, procedures, and branding across their portfolio of hotels. |
| Chamber Of Commerce | a local or regional business association that promotes economic development, commerce, and tourism within a community or area. |
| Chambers Of Commerce | local business associations or organizations that promote economic development, networking, and advocacy for businesses within a specific geographic area or industry. |
| Chartered Buses | private or rented buses used for group transportation, events, or tours, typically reserved or hired by organizations, businesses, or individuals for exclusive use. |
| Chauffeured Transportation | private or luxury car services provided by professional drivers, known as chauffeurs, who transport passengers in comfort and style, often used for executive travel, special occasions, or airport transfers. |
| City Clubs | private social and recreational facilities located in urban areas, providing similar amenities and services as country clubs but catering to urban residents and professionals. |
| City Clubs | Private clubs or social organizations located in urban areas, offering facilities, services, and networking opportunities for members, such as dining, fitness, business centers, and event spaces. |
| City Parks | urban green spaces, gardens, or recreational areas managed by municipal governments to provide residents and visitors with opportunities for leisure, relaxation, and outdoor activities. |
| Citywides | An event that requires the use of a convention center or event complex and multiple hotels in the host city. |
| Clean Air Act | A U.S. federal law enacted to control air pollution, establishing standards and regulations to protect public health and the environment. |
| Click-Thru Rates | (=CTR) A metric used in online advertising and marketing to measure the effectiveness of an advertisement or a link. |
| Cmaa’S | Abbreviation for the Club Managers Association of America, a professional association representing club management professionals in the hospitality industry, providing education, certification, and networking opportunities. |
| Collaboration | the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal or objective. It involves sharing ideas, resources, and responsibilities, as well as fostering teamwork and mutual support among individuals or groups. |
| Collateral | promotional materials, resources, or assets used in marketing and advertising campaigns, including brochures, flyers, posters, banners, and digital content. |
| Comaraderie | the spirit of friendship, mutual trust, and solidarity among individuals who share common interests, goals, or experiences. |
| Commercial Air Travel | passenger flights operated by airlines for the purpose of transporting travelers between destinations, either domestically or internationally, for business or leisure purposes. |
| Commercial Attractions | For-profit entertainment venues, attractions, or experiences designed to entertain, engage, and attract visitors, often featuring exhibitions, performances, or interactive activities for tourists and locals. |
| Commercial Rate | a standard or published rate offered by hotels, airlines, or other travel providers to individual consumers or non-corporate customers, often available through public booking channels. |
| Commissions | fees paid to travel agents, tour operators, or other intermediaries for selling travel products and services, typically calculated as a percentage of the total booking value. |
| Commodification | The process of transforming goods, services, or experiences into marketable products or commodities for sale, exchange, or consumption, often associated with the commercialization of culture, heritage, or natural resources in tourism. |
| Community Engagement | the active participation, collaboration, and involvement of local residents, stakeholders, and organizations in tourism planning, development, and decision-making processes. |
| Community Engagement | the process of involving and collaborating with individuals, groups, organizations, and stakeholders within a community to address issues, make decisions, and implement initiatives that affect their lives or the community as a whole. |
| Community Gardens | shared plots of land cultivated by local residents for growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs, promoting community engagement, food security, and sustainability. |
| Community Relations | building and maintaining positive relationships, partnerships, and collaborations with local residents, stakeholders, and organizations to support sustainable tourism development and mutual benefits. |
| Commuter | A person who regularly travels between home and work or between two fixed points, typically within a metropolitan area, using public transportation or private vehicles. |
| Commuter Rail Systems | Passenger rail services operating on regular schedules primarily for short-distance travel between urban centers and suburbs. |
| Companions | Individuals accompanying attendees or delegates to events, meetings, or conferences, often for social, networking, or support purposes, such as spouses, partners, friends, or family members. |
| Competetive Analysis (Comp Set) | An evaluation of competitors within a specific market or industry segment, analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, strategies, and performance metrics to inform business decisions and strategy development. |
| Condo-Hotels | Mixed-use properties combining hotel-style accommodations with condominium units, allowing owners to use their units for personal stays or rental income while enjoying hotel amenities and services. |
| Conference Center Hotels | Hotels equipped with extensive meeting, conference, and event facilities, targeting corporate groups, associations, and organizations hosting conferences, conventions, or business events. |
| Conferences | organized gatherings or meetings where professionals, experts, scholars, or stakeholders come together to discuss, present, and exchange information, ideas, research findings, and best practices related to a specific topic, industry, or field. |
| Conferences | Formal gatherings or assemblies of professionals, experts, scholars, or industry representatives for the purpose of presenting research, sharing knowledge, networking, and discussing topics of mutual interest or concern. |
| Conquistadors | Spanish explorers and conquerors who sought to colonize and conquer territories in the Americas during the Age of Exploration, often through military conquest, colonization, and exploitation. |
| Conservation | The protection and management of natural resources and ecosystems to ensure their sustainability and health for future generations. |
| Conservation | The protection, preservation, and sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, or cultural heritage to ensure their long-term viability and benefits for current and future generations. |
| Conservationism | a political, social, and philosophical movement advocating for the protection, conservation, and sustainable use of natural resources, biodiversity, and the environment. |
| Consolidation | the process of merging or combining multiple smaller companies, routes, or services into larger entities or networks, often to achieve economies of scale, efficiency, or market dominance. |
| Consolidators | wholesalers or intermediaries that specialize in purchasing excess inventory, unsold seats, or unused capacity from suppliers, such as airlines or hotels, at discounted rates and reselling them to retailers or travel agents. |
| Consortium | a group or association of independent travel agencies or businesses that collaborate to leverage collective buying power, resources, and marketing efforts for mutual benefit. |
| Consumer Behavior | The study of how individuals, groups, or organizations make decisions, preferences, and choices regarding the selection, purchase, and consumption of goods and services, including factors influencing behavior such as attitudes, perceptions, and motivations. |
| Consumers | individuals or end-users who purchase and use goods or services for personal or recreational purposes, including travelers, tourists, and vacationers. |
| Controller | The financial executive responsible for managing accounting, financial reporting, and budgeting functions within a hotel or hospitality establishment, ensuring compliance with regulations and financial integrity. |
| Convention And Visitors Bureau (Cvb) | an organization that promotes a city, region, county, state, nation, or area to potential visitors, with a focus on convention business. |
| Convention Center | a facility or venue equipped with meeting rooms, exhibition halls, and event spaces designed to host conventions, conferences, trade shows, and other large-scale events. |
| Convention Hotels | Hotels equipped with extensive meeting, conference, and event facilities, catering to business travelers, corporate events, conventions, and conferences, providing accommodations, meeting spaces, and support services. |
| Conventions | Large-scale meetings, gatherings, or conferences organized by associations, industries, or interest groups to bring together members, stakeholders, or enthusiasts for education, networking, and collaboration. |
| Conversion Studies | analyzing and measurung the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, advertisements, or promotions in converting viewers or users into customers, leads, or actions, such as purchases or bookings. |
| Convervationist | an individual or organization dedicated to the protection, preservation, and sustainable management of natural resources, wildlife, habitats, and ecosystems. |
| Corporate Average Fuel Economy (Cafe) | Regulations established by the U.S. government to improve the fuel efficiency of vehicles sold in the country, aiming to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. |
| Corporate Offices | the central administrative headquarters of a company or organization. These offices typically house executives, managers, and support staff responsible for overseeing the company’s operations, finances, marketing, and other functions. |
| Corporate Rate | a discounted or negotiated rate offered by hotels, airlines, or other travel providers to corporate clients or business travelers, typically based on a contractual agreement or volume of business. |
| Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) | A business approach that integrates social and environmental concerns into company operations and strategies, encompassing sustainability, philanthropy, community engagement, and ethical practices. |
| Corporate Travel Agencies | travel agencies specialized in providing travel management services and solutions to businesses, including booking airfare, accommodations, car rentals, and managing corporate travel policies and expenses. |
| Corporate Travel Policies | guidelines and rules established by companies to govern and regulate employee travel, including booking procedures, expense limits, reimbursement policies, and duty of care provisions. |
| Cosmopolitanism | the ideology or philosophy that emphasizes the importance of embracing diversity, multiculturalism, and global interconnectedness. It promotes tolerance, understanding, and respect for people from different cultures and backgrounds. |
| Cost Control | The practice of managing and minimizing expenses and expenditures within a business or organization to ensure that costs are kept within budgetary constraints and profitability targets. |
| Cost Of Goods Sold (Cogs) | The direct costs incurred by a business in producing or acquiring the goods or services sold to customers, including raw materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead costs. |
| Country Clubs | private recreational facilities typically located in suburban or rural areas, offering a range of amenities and services for its members. These facilities often include golf courses, tennis courts, swimming pools, dining areas, fitness centers, and social event spaces. |
| Country Clubs | Private clubs or social organizations typically located in suburban or rural areas, offering recreational facilities, amenities, and social activities such as golf, tennis, swimming, and dining to members. |
| Creative Cloud Collaboration Tools | software platforms or applications that enable teams and individuals to collaborate, share, and work together on creative projects, such as design, marketing, or content creation, in real-time or asynchronously. |
| Crisis Management | The proactive planning, preparation, and response to unforeseen events, emergencies, or crises that may disrupt or threaten the safety, security, or reputation of events, attendees, or stakeholders. |
| Critical Race Theory | an academic framework and analytical approach that examines the intersection of race, power, and law, focusing on systemic racism, inequality, and social justice issues within society and institutions. |
| Crop Production Systems | The various methods, techniques, and approaches used in agricultural practices to cultivate, grow, and harvest crops, including conventional, organic, hydroponic, and regenerative farming systems. |
| Cross-Cultural Communication | exchanging information, ideas, and messages between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds. |
| Cruise Industry | companies and operators that provide sea-based travel experiences aboard cruise ships or vessels, offering leisure voyages, vacations, and excursions to destinations worldwide. |
| Cruise Lines International Association (Clia) | a trade association representing cruise lines and companies involved in the cruise industry, providing advocacy, education, and marketing support for the cruise sector. |
| Crusades | a series of religious wars fought between the 11th and 13th centuries, in which Christian armies from Europe sought to reclaim control of Jerusalem and other holy sites in the Holy Land from Muslim forces. |
| Culinary Arts | The art and science of cooking and preparing food. |
| Culinary Techniques | The specific skills, methods, and practices employed in the preparation, cooking, and presentation of food. These techniques are essential for chefs and culinary professionals to execute recipes with precision, creativity, and efficiency. |
| Culinary Tourism | traveling to destinations or regions specifically to explore and experience the local food, cuisine, gastronomy, and culinary traditions. |
| Culinary Tourism | A subset of gastronomy tourism that specifically emphasizes culinary experiences, activities, and attractions, including visits to local markets, restaurants, food tours, and cultural culinary events. |
| Cultural Exchange | Cultural exchange refers to the interaction and sharing of cultural practices, traditions, customs, beliefs, and values between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds. In the hospitality and tourism industry, cultural exchange can occur through interactions between tourists and local communities, cultural performances, heritage tours, and other experiences that promote cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. |
| Cultural Identity | The shared sense of belonging, values, traditions, customs, and beliefs that define and distinguish a particular group, community, or society, including aspects such as language, heritage, religion, and social practices. |
| Cultural Narratives | stories, myths, legends, or oral traditions passed down through generations within a culture or community, conveying shared beliefs, values, and identity. |
| Cultural Tourism | Cultural tourism involves traveling to destinations or participating in activities that showcase and celebrate the cultural heritage, traditions, customs, arts, and lifestyles of a particular community or region. |
| Cultural Traditions | customs, rituals, beliefs, practices, or behaviors passed down from generation to generation within a society, community, or ethnic group. |
| Curator Of Exhibits | Responsible for exhibits and exhibit design. |
| Curators | museum professionals responsible for the care, preservation, and interpretation of collections, artifacts, and exhibits, as well as developing exhibitions and educational programs. |
| Customer Service | the assistance and support provided to customers before, during, and after they purchase or use a product or service. |
| Customer Service Scores | Ratings, surveys, or feedback collected from guests or customers to evaluate their satisfaction with service quality, responsiveness, and overall experience at hotels and hospitality establishments. |
| Cybersecurity | Measures and practices aimed at protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, cyber attacks, and data breaches, crucial for ensuring the safety and security of transportation systems. |
| Dark Tourism | Dark tourism, also known as thanatourism or grief tourism, involves visiting sites or attractions associated with death, tragedy, disaster, or suffering. Examples include war memorials, genocide sites, disaster zones, prisons, or haunted locations, where tourists may engage in reflective or educational experiences. |
| Data Analysts | professionals who collect, analyze, and interpret data and statistics related to travel industry trends, consumer behavior, market dynamics, and performance metrics to inform decision-making and strategic planning. |
| Day-Trippers | Travelers or visitors who embark on short-duration trips or excursions to nearby destinations or attractions, typically returning home on the same day, often seeking leisure, recreation, or cultural experiences. |
| Dealers | employees in casinos responsible for managing table games such as blackjack, poker, roulette, and craps. They facilitate gameplay by dealing cards, spinning roulette wheels, and managing bets, ensuring fair play and adherence to game rules. |
| Decarbonization | the process of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and greenhouse gas emissions from various sectors and industries, including transportation, through the adoption of cleaner fuels, technologies, and sustainable practices. |
| Delegates | Representatives, officials, or attendees appointed or authorized to attend and participate in conferences, conventions, or meetings on behalf of organizations, groups, or constituencies. |
| Demand Generators | Factors, events, or attractions that stimulate or generate tourism demand, including festivals, events, attractions, natural wonders, cultural sites, and promotional campaigns. |
| Democratizing | the process of making something accessible, available, or open to a larger and more diverse audience or group of people. |
| Demographics | the statistical characteristics of a population or audience, including age, gender, income, education, ethnicity, and household composition. |
| Demographics | Statistical characteristics of populations or customer groups, including factors such as age, gender, income, education, occupation, and household composition, used for market segmentation and targeting in hospitality marketing. |
| Demographics | Statistical data relating to the characteristics of human populations, including age, gender, income, education, ethnicity, occupation, and geographic location, used for market segmentation, analysis, and targeting. |
| Deregulation | The removal or relaxation of government regulations and restrictions on industries or markets, allowing for increased competition, innovation, and efficiency, as seen in the airline industry deregulation in the United States. |
| Destination | a geographic area that attracts visitors. |
| Destination Leadership | the collective efforts of government, industry, and community stakeholders to provide strategic direction, collaboration, and stewardship in managing and promoting a destination’s tourism development. |
| Destination Management Companies (Dmcs) | professional organizations that specialize in providing destination-specific services to clients, including event planning, logistics, transportation, accommodation, tours, and activities. |
| Destination Management Organization (Dmo) | an organization that promotes a city, region, county, state, nation, or area to potential visitors and/or manages multiple aspects of tourism within a destination. |
| Destination Marketing And Management Organization (Dmmo) | an organization that promotes a city, region, county, state, nation, or area to potential visitors with a broad focus with a focus on marketing and management. |
| Destination Marketing Organization (Dmo) | an organization that promotes a city, region, county, state, nation, or area to potential visitors with a focus on marketing. |
| Destination Resorts | Comprehensive leisure and vacation destinations offering a wide range of accommodations, amenities, and recreational activities, typically located in scenic or resort destinations, catering to leisure travelers and families. |
| Destintation Stewardship | a community-centered approach to developing strategies that focuses primarily on protecting the qualities that make the destination a wonderful place to live and therefore a wonderful place to visit. |
| Development Director/Officer | Responsible for fund-raising activities, such as grant proposals, corporate sponors, and private donations. |
| Diamond Rating | A rating system used by AAA (formerly the American Automobile Association) to evaluate and classify the quality and services of hotels and restaurants, ranging from one diamond to five diamonds. |
| Diesel-Electric Pod Drives | propulsion systems used in modern cruise ships and vessels, combining diesel engines with electric motors housed in pods or thrusters to provide efficient and maneuverable propulsion. |
| Digital Media | electronic content and multimedia distributed and accessed through digital devices and platforms, including websites, mobile apps, social media, streaming services, and digital publications. |
| Digital Security Platforms | software solutions or systems designed to protect digital assets, data, and communications from cyber threats, breaches, or unauthorized access, ensuring privacy, integrity, and compliance with security standards. |
| Director Of Conservation | Responsible for a zoos or aquarium’s conservation activities. |
| Director Of Education | Responsible for the education programs offered by an institution. |
| Director Of Research | Responsible for academic connections and surpervision of research projects and publications. |
| Director/Chief Operating Officer | Responsible for operations, policies, strategic planning, and future development. |
| Disney’S Genie+ Service | A paid service offered by Disney Parks that allows guests to access Lightning Lane entrances for select attractions, make advance ride reservations, and access other features such as photo downloads and audio guides. |
| Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion (Dei) | The principles, practices, and initiatives aimed at promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion within organizations, events, and communities, fostering respect, fairness, and opportunity for all. |
| Domestic Tour Operator | A domestic tour operator packages travel within their home country and sells the packages to people who also reside within their home country. |
| Domestic Travel | travel within one’s own country or nation, as opposed to international travel to foreign countries. |
| Domestic Travel | travel within one’s own country or territory, involving trips and vacations taken within national borders. |
| Drying | A method of food processing. The growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds is inhibited by removing moisture in the drying process. This method is widely used for foods like herbs, fruits, and meats. |
| Duty Of Care | a legal and ethical obligation of employers to take reasonable measures to ensure the safety, security, and well-being of their employees when traveling for business purposes. |
| Duty Of Care Officers | individuals within organizations responsible for developing, implementing, and ensuring compliance with duty of care policies and procedures related to employee travel safety and security. |
| Earned Revenue | Income generated by a business or organization through the sale of goods, services, or products. This revenue is earned through the normal operations of the business and does not include sources such as donations or grants. |
| Eco-Certifications | Certifications or labels awarded to tourism and hospitality establishments that demonstrate environmentally friendly and sustainable practices, such as energy conservation, waste reduction, and eco-friendly operations. |
| Ecologists | scientists who study the relationships between organisms and their environments, including the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of species populations, communities, and ecosystems. |
| Economic Growth | to the increase in a country’s production of goods and services over time, usually measured by the growth rate of its gross domestic product (GDP). It is often associated with improvements in living standards, employment, and overall prosperity. |
| Economies Of Scale | the cost advantages or efficiencies gained by increasing production, output, or scale of operations, leading to lower average costs per unit. |
| Economy Class | The standard class of service offered by airlines or railways, providing basic seating and services to passengers at lower fares compared to premium classes, suitable for budget-conscious travelers. |
| Economy Hotels | A hotel segment offering budget-friendly accommodations, amenities, and services targeting cost-conscious travelers and value-oriented guests, characterized by affordable rates and basic amenities. |
| Ecosystems | complex, interconnected systems comprising living organisms (biotic) and their physical environment (abiotic), interacting within a defined geographical area. Ecosystems provide essential services such as clean air, water, food, and habitat, supporting life on Earth. |
| Ecotourism | a form of responsible travel that focuses on visiting natural environments, conserving biodiversity, and supporting sustainable development initiatives. Ecotourism aims to minimize negative environmental impacts, promote conservation efforts, and provide educational and enriching experiences for travelers |
| Electic Vehicle | an automobile or vehicle powered by one or more electric motors using electricity stored in batteries or fuel cells, producing zero tailpipe emissions and offering a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional gasoline-powered vehicles. |
| Electric Scooter-Sharing | Similar to bike-sharing programs, electric scooter-sharing services provide rental electric scooters for short-distance travel within urban areas, offering a convenient and environmentally friendly transportation option. |
| Elitism | the belief or practice of favoring a select group of individuals or a social elite based on wealth, status, education, or other criteria, often to the exclusion or detriment of others. |
| Entrepreneurs | Individuals who take the initiative to start and manage a business venture, assuming the financial risk in the hope of making a profit. They are often innovative, resourceful, and willing to take calculated risks to pursue opportunities. |
| Entrepreneurship | the process of identifying, creating, and implementing new business opportunities or ventures aimed at providing innovative products, services, or experiences to meet the needs and preferences of travelers, tourists, and consumers. |
| Environmental Education | Educational efforts aimed at increasing awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the environment, ecosystems, and sustainability issues. Environmental education programs may focus on topics such as conservation, biodiversity, climate change, or environmental stewardship. |
| Environmental Management System (Ems) | A framework or system implemented by organizations to manage and reduce their environmental impact, incorporating policies, procedures, and practices for sustainability and compliance with environmental regulations. |
| Environmental Protection Agency (Epa) | A U.S. government agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment through regulation and enforcement of environmental laws. |
| Environmentalism | a social and political movement advocating for the protection, conservation, and sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystems, and the environment, as well as addressing environmental issues such as pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. |
| Epitomized | to embody or represent the essence or perfect example of something. |
| Epitomized | something that represents or embodies the quintessential characteristics or qualities of a particular concept, idea, or phenomenon. |
| Escorted Group Tours | organized travel experiences where a tour guide accompanies a group of travelers throughout the itinerary, providing commentary, assistance, and guidance. |
| Ethnographic Resources | cultural materials, artifacts, traditions, and knowledge associated with specific ethnic groups, cultures, or societies. |
| Ethos | the characteristic spirit, values, beliefs, or guiding principles that define a community, organization, or culture. |
| Event Management | a broader term that encompasses both the planning and strategic elements, as well as the execution and operational aspects of an event. |
| Event Planning | Event planning involves the process of organizing and coordinating various aspects of an event, such as conferences, meetings, weddings, festivals, or other gatherings. In the hospitality and tourism industry, event planning may include venue selection, catering, accommodations, transportation, entertainment, and logistics management to ensure the success of the event. |
| Event Planning | The process of organizing and coordinating all aspects of an event, including venue selection, logistics, scheduling, catering, entertainment, promotion, and attendee management, to ensure its successful execution. |
| Event Technology | Technological tools, platforms, or solutions used to plan, organize, promote, manage, and enhance events, meetings, conferences, or exhibitions, including event management software, mobile apps, and virtual event platforms. |
| Events | Planned occurrences or occasions designed to fulfill specific objectives or purposes, ranging from social gatherings, celebrations, and ceremonies to business meetings, conferences, and trade shows. |
| Ex-Situ Programs | Conservation programs involving the management, breeding, and preservation of endangered species outside their natural habitats, typically within zoos, aquariums, botanical gardens, or captive breeding facilities. |
| Exclusivity | the quality of being limited to or reserved for a specific group of people, often associated with luxury, prestige, or privilege. |
| Excursionists | Travelers or tourists who undertake short trips or excursions to nearby destinations, attractions, or points of interest, typically lasting a few hours to a full day, seeking leisure, cultural, or recreational experiences. |
| Exhibitions/Expositions | Events or shows where products, services, artworks, innovations, or ideas are displayed and showcased to the public or targeted audiences, often for promotional, educational, or commercial purposes. |
| Exhibitors | Individuals, companies, organizations, or entities that showcase products, services, innovations, or ideas at exhibitions, trade shows, or expositions to promote their offerings or engage with attendees. |
| Experiential | Learning or engagement that involves direct, hands-on participation and active involvement in an activity, event, or environment, fostering personal connection, discovery, and understanding. |
| Exploitation | the harmful or unfair use of resources, people, or ecosystems for personal or commercial gain, often without regard for sustainability, equity, or ethical considerations. |
| Export Product | a good, service, or experience offered by a destination that attracts and generates revenue from international visitors and travelers. |
| Expositions | Large-scale public exhibitions or trade shows where companies, organizations, and individuals showcase products, services, innovations, and ideas to a diverse audience. |
| Extended Stay | Accommodations designed for long-term stays, typically offering larger suites or apartment-style layouts with kitchenettes and laundry facilities, catering to business travelers, relocating professionals, or temporary residents. |
| External Customer Service | External customer service involves interactions and support provided to customers outside of the organization. It encompasses activities such as responding to inquiries, addressing concerns, and delivering high-quality products or services to external clients or consumers. |
| Extreme Sports | adventurous and high-risk recreational activities that involve physical challenges, adrenaline rushes, and daring feats, such as skydiving, bungee jumping, rock climbing, and whitewater rafting. |
| Extrinsic Motiviation | the external factors, rewards, or incentives that influence individuals to engage in a particular activity, behavior, or goal. |
| Faa Nextgen | The Federal Aviation Administration’s Next Generation Air Transportation System, a modernization initiative aimed at improving the safety, efficiency, and capacity of the national airspace system. |
| Fairs | are organized events or markets where vendors, merchants, or exhibitors gather to showcase and sell goods, products, or services, often featuring entertainment, attractions, and cultural activities. |
| Familiarization Tours (Fams) | (=FAM trips) organized trips or visits for travel agents, tour operators, or media professionals to experience and learn about destinations, accommodations, or attractions firsthand. |
| Family And Friends Travel | trips and vacations taken with relatives, friends, or loved ones, often for reunions, celebrations, holidays, or shared experiences. |
| Farm To Fork | the sourcing of food directly from local farms or producers and serving it to consumers with minimal processing or intermediaries, highlighting freshness, quality, and traceability. |
| Fauna | collectively the animal species found in a particular region, habitat, or ecosystem. |
| Feasts | elaborate meals or banquets held to celebrate special occasions, holidays, or festivals, often featuring a variety of dishes, drinks, and communal dining experiences. |
| Federal Aviation Administration (Faa) | The national aviation authority of the United States, responsible for regulating civil aviation and ensuring safety in the airspace. |
| Federal Railroad Administration (Fra) | A U.S. government agency responsible for regulating and overseeing railroad safety, operations, and infrastructure. |
| Federal Trade Commission (Ftc)’S Rental Car Rule | A regulation enforced by the FTC requiring rental car companies to disclose information about fees, insurance coverage, and other charges to consumers. |
| Fermentation | A natural process in which microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, or fungi break down carbohydrates in food, resulting in the production of alcohol, acids, gases, or other metabolic byproducts, used in food preservation, flavor development, and fermentation. |
| Ferry | A waterborne vessel or boat used for transporting passengers, vehicles, or cargo across bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, or seas, providing an essential link in maritime transportation networks. |
| Festivals | organized celebrations, events, or gatherings held to commemorate religious, cultural, seasonal, or historical occasions, often featuring performances, parades, food, music, and other festivities. |
| Feudalism | a social and economic system that dominated medieval Europe, characterized by a hierarchy of landownership and obligations between lords, vassals, and serfs. Land was typically granted in exchange for loyalty and military service. |
| Film Development | the process of creating, producing, and distributing films, documentaries, or videos for promotional, educational, or entertainment purposes related to tourism and travel. |
| Finance Manager/Director | Responsible for finances, purchasing, investments, and reporting. |
| Fine Dining Restaurants | Upscale, high-quality restaurants that offer refined, meticulously prepared dishes, sophisticated ambiance, attentive service, and often feature creative culinary concepts, extensive wine lists, and elegant dining experiences. |
| First Class | The highest class of service offered by airlines or railways, providing passengers with enhanced amenities, comfort, and services compared to business or economy class, including larger seats, gourmet meals, and dedicated lounges. |
| First Nation | Indigenous peoples in Canada, comprised of various Aboriginal groups, including the Inuit, Métis, and First Nations. |
| Fit Travel | “flexible independent travel” or “fully independent travel” :Individualized travel experiences where travelers plan and book their own itinerary, accommodations, and activities, rather than participating in organized tours or packages. |
| Flight Routes | Established paths or corridors followed by aircraft during flight operations, connecting origin and destination airports, determined by factors such as air traffic control, airspace restrictions, and navigational considerations. |
| Flight Shame | A phenomenon where individuals feel guilty or ashamed of flying due to its environmental impact, leading to a decrease in air travel demand. |
| Floor Staff | Employees working on the gaming floor of a casino, including dealers, attendants, supervisors, and support personnel responsible for overseeing table games, slot machines, and customer service. |
| Flora And Fauna | Flora refers to the plant species found in a particular region or ecosystem, while fauna refers to the animal species. |
| Flowthrough | A financial analysis method used to assess the impact of changes in revenue or expenses on gross operating profit or net income, measuring the efficiency of revenue management and cost control strategies. |
| Fly-Drive Packages | travel packages that include both flights and car rental services, allowing travelers the flexibility to explore destinations independently by combining air travel with a rental vehicle. |
| Food And Beverage (F&B) | The sector of the hospitality industry that deals with the preparation, serving, and overall management of food and drinks. |
| Food Chemistry | The branch of chemistry concerned with the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of food components and constituents, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and additives. |
| Food Microbiology | The branch of microbiology that studies microorganisms in food, including their presence, growth, survival, and potential impact on food safety, quality, and spoilage. |
| Food Preperation (Food Prep) | The process of preparing, cooking, and assembling ingredients and components to create dishes, meals, or food products according to recipes, standards, and culinary techniques. |
| Food Preservation | The process of extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of food products through various methods such as refrigeration, freezing, drying, canning, pickling, curing, or irradiation. |
| Food Processing | The various techniques, methods, and technologies used to transform raw agricultural materials into consumable food products, including cleaning, sorting, cooking, preservation, and packaging. |
| Food Processing | The transformation of raw agricultural products into consumable food items through various physical, chemical, and mechanical processes. |
| Food Safety | The practices and conditions necessary to ensure that food is safe for consumption, free from contaminants, and does not pose a risk to the health of consumers. |
| Food Science | The scientific study of food composition, properties, processing, preservation, and safety, encompassing disciplines such as chemistry, biology, microbiology, nutrition, and engineering. |
| Food Stuff | General term referring to edible items or food products, including ingredients, raw materials, or prepared foods. |
| Food Supply Chain | The entire process of producing, processing, distributing, and delivering food products from the point of origin (farm or manufacturer) to the final consumers. |
| Ford Model T | is an automobile produced by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 to 1927, widely regarded as the first mass-produced car accessible to the average consumer, revolutionizing personal transportation and mobility. |
| Forecasting | The process of predicting or estimating future trends, demand, or outcomes based on historical data, statistical models, and market analysis, used to inform planning, resource allocation, and decision-making |
| Franchising | A business model where a franchisor grants the rights to operate its brand, business model, and intellectual property to a franchisee in exchange for fees and royalties, allowing for rapid expansion and market penetration. |
| Freight | goods, merchandise, or cargo transported by various modes of transportation, including trucks, trains, ships, and airplanes, for commercial, industrial, or trade purposes. |
| Front Desk Agent | a hotel staff member who greets guests upon arrival, assists with check-in and check-out procedures, handles reservations and inquiries, and provides general information about the hotel and its amenities. |
| Front Office | The front office department in hospitality establishments is responsible for guest-facing operations, including reception, reservations, check-in, check-out, and guest services. |
| Frontline Visitor Services | the customer-facing roles and activities provided by tourism professionals and staff to assist visitors with information, assistance, and support during their travels. |
| Full-Service Hotels | Lodging establishments offering a wide range of amenities, services, and facilities, including accommodations, dining, recreational activities, and event spaces, providing a comprehensive guest experience. |
| Gambling | The activity of betting money or valuables on the outcome of a game, event, or uncertain outcome, with the intent of winning additional money or prizes, often associated with casinos, sports betting, and lotteries. |
| Games | An organized activity or competition, often involving rules and scoring, such as a sports game or board game. |
| Gamification | The application of game design principles, mechanics, and elements to non-game contexts, such as business, education, or marketing, to increase engagement, motivation, and participation. |
| Gaming | The act or practice of playing games of chance or skill for entertainment, leisure, or gambling purposes, including casino gaming, video gaming, and online gaming. |
| Gaming Hotels | Lodging properties featuring casinos or gaming facilities as a primary attraction, offering accommodations, entertainment, and gaming amenities for leisure travelers and casino enthusiasts. |
| Garden To Table | A culinary concept and philosophy that emphasizes the use of fresh, locally sourced, and seasonal ingredients in cooking and food preparation, often promoting sustainability, nutrition, and environmental awareness. |
| Gastronomy | The art and science of good eating and the appreciation of fine food. It is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses the study of food and culinary culture, including the preparation, presentation, and consumption of food. |
| Gastronomy Tourism | Travel and tourism focused on exploring and experiencing the culinary traditions, cuisines, and food cultures of different regions, countries, or destinations, including culinary tours, tastings, cooking classes, and food festivals. |
| General Curator | Responsible for the entire animal, artifact, or art collection, strategic collection planning, and management staff. Specialized curators, such as Animal Curators or Curators of Horticulture, manage specific collections. |
| General Manager | the senior executive responsible for overseeing the overall operations and management of a hotel, resort, or other hospitality establishment. Their duties may include strategic planning, staff supervision, financial management, guest relations, and ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulations. |
| General Manager (Gm) | The senior executive responsible for overseeing the overall operations, management, and performance of a hotel or lodging establishment, ensuring guest satisfaction, profitability, and compliance with standards. |
| Geographic Information Systems | computer-based tools and technologies used to capture, analyze, and visualize spatial data and geographic information for mapping, modeling, and decision-making purposes. |
| Gerontology | the scientific study of aging and the processes, experiences, and issues related to older adults, including health, well-being, social integration, and quality of life. |
| Gifford Pinchot | American forester, conservationist, and politician who served as the first Chief of the United States Forest Service. He advocated for the sustainable management of forests and natural resources, promoting the concept of conservation as “the wise use of resources for the greatest good for the greatest number of people.” |
| Gift Shop Manager | Responsible for institution’s store, store staff, and buying product. |
| Global Citizenship | the concept of identifying as a member of a broader global community and recognizing one’s responsibilities and obligations to address global challenges, promote human rights, social justice, and sustainability. |
| Global Distribution System (Gds) | a computerized network used by travel agents and other travel professionals to access and book travel-related services, including flights, hotels, car rentals, and activities, from various suppliers and providers. |
| Global Positioning Systems (Gps) | A satellite-based navigation system that provides real-time location and positioning information to users, commonly used in vehicles for navigation purposes. |
| Global Transportation Ecosystem | to the interconnected network of transportation systems, providers, and stakeholders worldwide, facilitating the movement of passengers, cargo, and information across borders and continents. |
| Goals | specific, measurable objectives or targets that an organization sets to achieve its mission and vision. They provide direction and focus for the organization’s efforts and serve as benchmarks for evaluating performance and progress. |
| Golf Hotels | Resorts or lodging properties located near golf courses or golf resorts, offering accommodations, amenities, and packages tailored to golfers and golfing enthusiasts. |
| Golf Tourism | Travel and leisure activities focused on golfing experiences, including golf vacations, destination golf resorts, golf courses, tournaments, and related amenities and services. |
| Government Department/Authority | a public agency or entity responsible for overseeing and regulating various aspects of tourism, including planning, development, promotion, and policy implementation. |
| Government Grants | Financial assistance provided by a government entity to support various projects, programs, or initiatives. These grants may be awarded to individuals, organizations, or businesses to fund specific activities or achieve certain goals. |
| Government Relations | the interaction and engagement between organizations, businesses, or industries and government officials, agencies, and policymakers to influence legislation, regulations, or public policy decisions. |
| Grand Tour | a traditional journey undertaken by young European aristocrats and wealthy elites during the 17th to 19th centuries as part of their education and cultural enrichment. The Grand Tour typically involved traveling through European countries to visit historical sites, monuments, museums, and cultural landmarks, as well as to experience art, literature, music, and classical traditions. |
| Graves Amendment | A federal law in the United States that limits the liability of car rental companies for damages or injuries resulting from the use of their vehicles. |
| Great Depression | a severe economic downturn that occurred worldwide during the 1930s, characterized by widespread unemployment, poverty, deflation, and economic hardship, impacting global travel and tourism industries. |
| Green Fees | Charges or fees paid by golfers to access and play on a golf course, typically covering maintenance, upkeep, and operational costs associated with the course’s environmental sustainability practices. |
| Green Key Global (Gkg) | A global sustainability certification and recognition program for hotels and lodging establishments, promoting environmentally friendly practices and responsible tourism initiatives. |
| Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Gases released into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming, primarily generated by human activities, including transportation. |
| Greenwashing | A deceptive marketing practice where a company exaggerates or misrepresents its environmental or sustainability efforts to appear more environmentally friendly or responsible than it actually is. |
| Gross Operating Profit (Gop) | The total revenue generated from hotel operations minus total operating expenses, representing the gross profit before deducting fixed costs and taxes. |
| Gross Operating Profit Per Available Room (Goppar) | A financial metric in the hospitality industry representing the gross operating profit generated per available room or unit, calculated by subtracting total operating expenses from total revenue. |
| Gross Profit Margin | A financial metric that measures the percentage of revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold, indicating the profitability of a business’s core operations before accounting for other expenses. |
| Ground Operator | a local or destination-based tour operator or service provider that organizes and conducts tours, activities, and experiences for travelers on the ground, including transportation, guides, and logistics. |
| Group Leader | an individual responsible for organizing, coordinating, and leading a group of travelers or tourists on a trip, tour, or excursion. |
| Guest | An individual who receives hospitality services, such as accommodations, food and beverage, or entertainment, at a hospitality business or organization. |
| Guest Satisfaction | The level of contentment or fulfillment experienced by guests or customers with their overall experience at a hospitality establishment, such as a hotel, restaurant, or tourist attraction. |
| Guest Services | Services and amenities provided to guests during their stay at hospitality establishments, including concierge services, room service, transportation assistance, and recreational activities. |
| Habitat | The natural environment or ecological niche where an organism or species lives and thrives. In the context of tourism, habitat preservation and conservation are essential for protecting biodiversity, ecosystems, and wildlife in natural and cultural heritage sites. |
| Habitat Preservation | Conservation efforts focused on protecting and maintaining natural habitats, ecosystems, or landscapes to support native species, biodiversity, and ecological balance. Habitat preservation aims to prevent habitat destruction, fragmentation, or degradation caused by human activities. |
| Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund | A fund established by the U.S. government to finance the maintenance and dredging of harbors and ports for navigation purposes. |
| Harissa | A spicy North African condiment or paste made from roasted red peppers, chili peppers, garlic, olive oil, and spices such as cumin, coriander, and caraway, commonly used as a flavoring in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines. |
| Haute Couture Aesthetics | The high fashion or luxury design principles and aesthetics associated with exclusive, custom-made, and handcrafted clothing, accessories, or designs created by leading fashion houses or designers. |
| Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Points (Haccp) | A systematic approach to identifying, evaluating, and controlling food safety hazards throughout the production process, aimed at preventing hazards rather than relying solely on end-product inspection and testing. |
| Head Keeper/Aquarist | Responsible for daily wellbeing of animals. |
| Heads In Beds | The number of people staying overnight at hotels |
| Heritage Attractions | Cultural or historical sites, monuments, buildings, or landmarks of significance that preserve and showcase the heritage, traditions, and identity of a community, region, or country, attracting visitors and tourists. |
| High Rollers | Wealthy or VIP players who wager large sums of money on casino games or gambling activities, often receiving special treatment, perks, or incentives from casinos to encourage their patronage. |
| High-Pressure Processing | A food preservation technique that involves subjecting food products to high levels of hydrostatic pressure to eliminate harmful bacteria, pathogens, and spoilage organisms while maintaining the sensory and nutritional qualities of the food. |
| High-Speed Rail Networks | railway systems designed for trains to travel at faster speeds than conventional rail services, offering rapid and efficient transportation between urban centers and regions. |
| Historians | scholars who study and interpret past events, developments, and narratives based on written records, documents, archives, and oral histories. |
| Historic Homes | a house of historic significance that is preserved and usually restored to a particular time period. |
| Historical Data | Past records, statistics, or information collected over time and used as a reference or benchmark for comparison, analysis, or forecasting in event planning, management, or decision-making. |
| History Museum | Cultural institutions dedicated to preserving, documenting, and interpreting historical events, periods, and themes through exhibitions, artifacts, and interactive displays. |
| Homeowners Association (Hoa) | A private association often formed by a real estate developer for the purpose of managing and maintaining common areas within a residential community or condominium complex |
| Hospitality | The act of providing services to others and making them feel welcome and comfortable. |
| Hospitality Digital Marketer (Chdm) | A professional certification program offered by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute (AHLEI) focusing on digital marketing strategies, tools, and techniques for the hospitality industry. |
| Hospitality Financial And Technology Professionals (Hftp) | A global nonprofit association serving hospitality finance and technology professionals, providing education, certification, and networking opportunities. |
| Hospitality Industry | The collection of businesses and organizations that provide products and services to travelers, including accommodations, food and beverage, transportation, and attractions. |
| Host | An individual or organization that provides hospitality services to guests, such as a hotel, restaurant, or attraction. |
| Host Agency | a larger travel agency or organization that provides administrative support, resources, and services to independent travel agents or advisors, often allowing them to operate under the host agency’s accreditation and branding. |
| Host And Guest Experience | The interactions and perceptions of both hosts (local residents or service providers) and guests (tourists) within a destination. This concept recognizes that tourism is a dynamic relationship between those who visit a place (guests) and those who live or work there (hosts). |
| Host Communities | Host communities are the local communities or areas where tourism activities take place. These communities play a crucial role in supporting and facilitating tourism by providing infrastructure, services, and cultural experiences for visitors. |
| Host Communities | The local residents and stakeholders living in or near tourist destinations who interact with and accommodate visitors. They play a vital role in providing hospitality, services, and cultural experiences to tourists while managing the social, economic, and environmental impacts of tourism on their communities. |
| Host Governments | the governing authorities responsible for overseeing and regulating tourism activities within a particular destination or region. They play a key role in shaping tourism policy, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and economic growth in their respective areas. |
| Hostels | Budget-friendly lodging options catering to backpackers, solo travelers, or budget-conscious tourists, offering shared or dormitory-style accommodations and communal facilities. |
| Hotel Metrics | Measurable data and key performance indicators (KPIs) that are used to assess various aspects of a hotel’s performance, operations, and financial health. |
| Hotel Occupancy Taxes | local or municipal taxes levied on the rental of hotel rooms and accommodations, typically collected by lodging establishments and remitted to government authorities. |
| Hotel Organizational Structures | The hierarchy, roles, and relationships within hotel management and staff, including departments such as front office, housekeeping, food and beverage, sales and marketing, and finance. |
| Hotels | Hotels are establishments that provide accommodation, meals, and other services for travelers and guests in exchange for payment. Hotels vary in size, quality, and amenities, ranging from budget hotels to luxury resorts. |
| Hotels | Lodging establishments providing accommodations, amenities, and services for travelers or guests, ranging from budget motels to luxury resorts. |
| Hotstats | A provider of hotel performance data, benchmarking, and analysis services, offering insights into revenue, expenses, and profitability metrics for hospitality properties worldwide. |
| Housekeeping | The department responsible for cleaning and maintaining guest rooms, public areas, and facilities within hospitality establishments to ensure cleanliness, hygiene, and guest satisfaction. |
| Hub-And-Spoke Systems | A transportation network design where a central hub or hub airport serves as a primary transfer point for passengers and cargo traveling between multiple spokes or destination points, maximizing connectivity and efficiency. |
| Huitlacoche | a culinary delicacy in Mexican cuisine, made from a fungus that infects corn kernels, resulting in a savory, earthy flavor, often used in soups, tacos, or quesadillas. |
| Human Resources/Personnel Manager/Director | Responsible for hiring, payroll, insurance, and all other personnel matters. |
| Human-Nature Bond | the innate connection, relationship, and interdependence between humans and the natural world, encompassing spiritual, emotional, and ecological dimensions. |
| Hvs | A consulting and valuation firm specializing in hospitality, providing advisory, appraisal, and feasibility services to clients in the hotel, resort, and tourism sectors worldwide. |
| Hybrid Events | Events that combine both in-person and virtual components, allowing attendees to participate and engage either in person or remotely, providing flexibility, accessibility, and broader reach. |
| Hybrid Models | Event formats or structures that combine elements of both in-person and virtual experiences, allowing participants to engage and interact remotely or in person, offering flexibility and accessibility. |
| Hydrologists | scientists who study the distribution, movement, and quality of water on Earth, including surface water, groundwater, and the hydrological cycle. |
| Hyperloop Systems | proposed transportation systems that use vacuum-sealed tubes and magnetic levitation to propel passenger pods at high speeds through low-pressure environments, offering ultra-fast and energy-efficient travel over long distances. |
| Iata (International Air Transport Association) | a global trade association representing airlines worldwide, responsible for setting industry standards, facilitating air travel regulations, and providing services to airlines and the aviation industry. |
| Iatan (International Airlines Travel Agent Network) | is a division of IATA that accredits and provides identification cards to travel professionals, including travel agents and tour operators, allowing them to access special travel industry rates and benefits |
| Ideologies | sets of beliefs, values, principles, or doctrines that shape and guide individuals’ or groups’ actions, behaviors, and attitudes toward society, politics, economics, and culture. |
| Image | the overall perception, reputation, and impression of a brand, product, or destination held by consumers, stakeholders, and the public. |
| Immersive | Providing a deeply engaging and interactive experience that fully surrounds and absorbs the participant, often utilizing technology, storytelling, or multi-sensory elements to create a sense of presence and immersion. |
| Immersive Guest Experience | a hospitality or tourism experience that fully engages and involves guests in a rich, interactive, and memorable environment, providing personalized, authentic, and sensory-rich encounters. |
| Impressions | the number of times an advertisement, post, or content is displayed or viewed by users on a digital platform or media channel. |
| In-Dash Apps | Applications or software installed directly into a vehicle’s dashboard interface, providing access to features like navigation, entertainment, and vehicle diagnostics. |
| In-House Meetings | gatherings, conferences, or events held within a company or organization’s own facilities, such as offices, conference rooms, or training centers. |
| In-Situ Programs | Conservation programs focused on protecting and restoring endangered species and their habitats in their natural environments, such as protected areas, reserves, or wildlife sanctuaries. |
| Inbound Tour Operator | An inbound tour operator packages travel to their home country and sells the packages to people internally. |
| Incentive Travel | Travel experiences or trips offered by companies or organizations as rewards or incentives for achieving specific goals, targets, or performance objectives, typically to motivate and reward employees or clients. |
| Inclusivity | the practice or policy of ensuring that all individuals, regardless of background, identity, or abilities, feel welcome, valued, and represented in society or within a particular group or organization. |
| Independent Living | housing options and communities specifically designed for active older adults who are capable of living independently. Residents typically enjoy private apartments or homes within a community setting, with access to amenities and social activities. |
| Independent Properties | Lodging establishments operated independently or privately owned, not affiliated with a larger brand or chain, offering unique experiences, character, and local charm to guests. |
| Industrial Attractions | Historic sites, museums, or facilities showcasing the industrial heritage, technology, and achievements of a region or industry, attracting visitors interested in industrial history and innovation. |
| Industrialization | the process of transforming an economy or society from primarily agrarian or rural-based to one characterized by industrial production, technological advancement, and urbanization. |
| Inns | Traditional lodging establishments offering accommodations, dining, and hospitality services, often located in historic buildings, rural settings, or quaint towns, providing personalized and intimate guest experiences. |
| Integrated Marketing Communiction (Imc) | the fusion of a DMO’s external outreach efforts to increase effectiveness |
| Interconnected Transportation Ecosystems | integrated networks and systems that enable seamless connectivity and interoperability between different modes of transportation, such as air, rail, road, and maritime, to facilitate multi-modal travel and mobility. |
| Intermediaries | third-party entities or businesses that facilitate the sale, distribution, or transaction of products or services between buyers and sellers, such as wholesalers, retailers, agents, or brokers. |
| Internal Customer Service | Internal customer service involves providing support and assistance to employees within an organization. It focuses on fostering positive relationships and meeting the needs of internal stakeholders, such as coworkers, departments, or subsidiaries. |
| Internal Rate Of Return (Irr) | A financial metric used to evaluate the potential profitability and return on investment (ROI) of a project or investment over time, taking into account the time value of money and cash flows. |
| International Standardization Organization (Iso) | An international organization that develops and publishes standards for various industries and sectors, including tourism, hospitality, and environmental management. |
| International Travel | travel between different countries or across international borders, involving trips and vacations taken outside of one’s home country. |
| Interpersonal Skills | the abilities and behaviors that enable individuals to communicate, interact, and build relationships effectively with others. Examples include empathy, active listening, communication, teamwork, and conflict resolution. |
| Interpretation |
The communication of information or stories about natural or cultural features in a park or recreational area, often through signs, exhibits, or guided tours. The art of communicating and explaining the meanings and relationships of cultural and natural resources to visitors through various media and techniques.
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| Interpretive Specialists | professionals trained in communication, education, and storytelling who provide guided tours, presentations, and interactive experiences to help visitors understand and appreciate natural, cultural, or historical resources. |
| Intrinsic Motivation | the internal drive, satisfaction, or enjoyment that individuals derive from engaging in an activity or pursuing a goal for its inherent rewards or personal fulfillment. Intrinsic motivations may include a sense of accomplishment, curiosity, creativity, or passion for the task itself, rather than external incentives or rewards. |
| Inventory Management | The process of overseeing and controlling the flow of goods, products, or materials within a business or organization, including inventory tracking, stock replenishment, order fulfillment, and optimization of inventory levels. |
| Inventory Turnover Ratio | A financial ratio that measures the number of times inventory is sold or replaced within a specific period, indicating how efficiently a company manages its inventory levels and turnover. |
| Investment Income | Returns earned from investments such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or real estate. This income may include dividends, interest, capital gains, or rental income generated by the investment portfolio. |
| Irradiation | A food preservation technique that uses ionizing radiation to kill bacteria, parasites, and pests, and to extend the shelf life of food products by reducing spoilage and contamination. |
| Iso 14001 | An international standard for environmental management systems (EMS), providing guidelines and requirements for organizations to establish, implement, and continually improve their environmental performance and sustainability efforts. |
| Itinerary | a detailed plan or schedule of activities, events, or destinations arranged in sequential order, especially for a journey, trip, or tour. |
| Jet Age | the period in aviation history from the late 1950s to the present characterized by the widespread adoption and use of jet-powered aircraft for commercial air travel, enabling faster, safer, and more efficient long-distance flights. |
| John Muir | Scottish-American naturalist, author, and environmental philosopher known as the “Father of the National Parks.” He played a key role in the preservation of wilderness areas and the establishment of several national parks in the United States, including Yosemite and Sequoia. |
| Juxtaposed | to place two or more things side by side or close together, often for the purpose of comparison, contrast, or emphasis. |
| Key Performance Indicators (Kpis) | measurable metrics or indicators used to evaluate and assess the performance, effectiveness, and success of an organization, project, or initiative against its objectives and targets. |
| Koa | Kampgrounds of America (KOA) is a franchise system of campgrounds and RV parks operating across North America, offering camping accommodations, amenities, and outdoor experiences for travelers and outdoor enthusiasts. |
| Labor Costs | The total expenses incurred by a business in employing labor, including wages, salaries, benefits, payroll taxes, and other related expenses associated with hiring and managing employees. |
| Landside Port Congestion | congestion and delays experienced in areas surrounding ports, such as roads, parking lots, and cargo handling facilities. |
| Last Chance Tourism | visiting destinations, ecosystems, or attractions that are endangered, threatened, or at risk of disappearing due to environmental degradation, climate change, or human impact. Last chance tourists may seek to witness or experience these sites before they are irreversibly altered or lost. |
| Leadership In Energy And Environmental Design (Leed) | A green building certification program developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), recognizing sustainable building design, construction, and operation practices, including energy efficiency, water conservation, and indoor environmental quality. |
| Leads | Potential customers, clients, or contacts identified or acquired through marketing, advertising, networking, or sales activities, indicating interest or potential interest in products, services, or offerings. |
| Leave No Trace | A set of outdoor ethics and principles promoting responsible and sustainable practices for outdoor recreation, camping, and wilderness activities to minimize environmental impact and preserve natural resources. |
| Legacy | the lasting impact, influence, or contributions of individuals, groups, or civilizations on future generations, culture, or society. |
| Leisure | Time that is free from obligation or work, and in which individuals engage in activities they enjoy. |
| Leisure Studies | an interdisciplinary field of academic inquiry that examines the social, cultural, psychological, and economic aspects of leisure and recreation, including its impacts on individuals, communities, and societies. |
| Leisure Studies | An interdisciplinary field of academic inquiry that examines the social, cultural, economic, and psychological aspects of leisure, recreation, and free time activities. |
| Leisure Time | the period of free or discretionary time available for rest, relaxation, and recreational activities outside of work, obligations, or responsibilities. |
| Leisure Travel | recreational or vacation travel undertaken for pleasure, relaxation, or enjoyment, typically involving activities such as sightseeing, shopping, dining, and entertainment. |
| Lgbtqia+ | the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual community, including individuals with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and expressions. |
| Liberation | the act or process of setting someone or something free from oppression, constraints, or limitations, often leading to empowerment, autonomy, or independence. |
| Lidar Sensing | Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, which uses laser pulses to measure distances and create detailed 3D maps of environments, commonly used in autonomous vehicles for navigation and obstacle detection. |
| Lifestyle Brand Hotels | Hotel brands or properties embodying a distinct lifestyle or ethos, targeting specific demographic or psychographic segments with unique design, amenities, and experiences. |
| Limited-Service Hotels | Lodging establishments offering basic accommodations and limited amenities and services, catering to budget-conscious travelers seeking value-oriented lodging options. |
| Lingua Franca | a common language or communication system used as a medium of exchange between people who speak different native languages, facilitating interaction and commerce. |
| Live Dealer Games | online casino games that feature real human dealers managing gameplay in real-time from a casino studio or a land-based casino. Players participate remotely via streaming video, allowing for interactive and immersive gaming experiences. |
| Living History Museums | Cultural institutions dedicated to preserving, documenting, and interpreting historical events, periods, and themes through exhibitions, artifacts, and interactive displays. |
| Local Events | Events, meetings, or gatherings that occur within a local community, city, or town, typically attended by residents, businesses, or organizations from the immediate vicinity. |
| Lodges | Accommodation facilities located in natural or remote settings, often near national parks, wildlife reserves, or outdoor recreation areas, offering rustic or cozy accommodations for nature-oriented travelers. |
| Long-Haul | travel over extended distances, often between continents or distant regions, involving flights, train rides, or road trips lasting several hours or more. |
| Lost Opportunities | Potential business or revenue opportunities that were not realized or captured due to various factors such as missed connections, ineffective communication, or competitive pressures. |
| Low-Sulfur Fuel | petroleum-based fuels, such as diesel or gasoline, with reduced sulfur content compared to conventional fuels, designed to lower emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter from vehicles and engines, contributing to improved air quality and environmental protection. |
| Loyalty | The degree of allegiance, repeat business, and positive sentiment exhibited by customers or guests towards a particular brand, company, or destination. |
| Loyalty Programs | marketing initiatives offered by airlines, hotels, and other businesses to incentivize repeat business and customer loyalty through rewards, points, or benefits. |
| Luxury Hotels | Prestigious and high-end lodging establishments offering exceptional accommodations, amenities, and services to affluent travelers seeking exclusivity, indulgence, and superior hospitality. |
| Manned Yard Tractors | Tractors or vehicles operated by drivers or operators for moving cargo, trailers, or containers within freight yards, terminals, or distribution centers. |
| Maritime Shipping | the movement of goods, cargo, or merchandise by ships and vessels across oceans, seas, and water bodies, playing a crucial role in international trade and commerce. |
| Market Segments | Distinct groups of consumers or travelers within a market, characterized by shared needs, preferences, or characteristics, targeted by businesses for marketing and service offerings. |
| Market-Based Socio-Cultural Conservation | Conservation efforts and initiatives that leverage market mechanisms, economic incentives, or consumer behavior to promote the preservation and protection of cultural heritage, traditions, or natural resources. |
| Marketing | identifying, anticipating, and satisfying customer needs and wants through the creation, communication, and exchange of value propositions, products, and services. |
| Marketing Director/Manager | Responsible for media and advertising campaigns. |
| Mass Tourism | the large-scale movement of tourists to popular destinations or attractions, often characterized by high volumes of visitors, standardized accommodations, and organized tours. |
| Media Attendees | Journalists, reporters, bloggers, influencers, or members of the press who attend events, conferences, or exhibitions to cover news, stories, or developments for media outlets or publications. |
| Media Buy | the purchasing of advertising space or airtime in various media channels, including television, radio, print, digital, and social media, to reach target audiences and promote products or services. |
| Media Missions | organized trips or visits for journalists, bloggers, or influencers to experience and report on destinations, attractions, or events for media coverage. |
| Medical Tourism | traveling to another country or region to receive medical treatment, surgery, or healthcare services. Medical tourists may seek specialized medical procedures, lower costs, shorter waiting times, or access to advanced technologies or treatments not available in their home countries. |
| Medium-Haul | travel over moderate distances, usually between regions or neighboring countries, covering distances greater than short-haul but shorter than long-haul journeys. |
| Meec | Meetings, Expositions, Events, and Conventions, another term used to describe the segments of the hospitality and tourism industry related to organizing and hosting meetings, exhibitions, and conferences. |
| Meetings | Gatherings of individuals for a specific purpose, such as discussions, decision-making, problem-solving, information sharing, or collaboration, often conducted in person or virtually. |
| Membership | individuals or organizations joining and participating in associations, clubs, or groups related to tourism, hospitality, or destination management, often offering benefits, networking opportunities, and representation. |
| Membership Director/Manager | Responsible for an institution’s membership, including increasing membership and/or designing special member events. |
| Memory Care | offering specialized care and support for individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, or other cognitive impairments. These facilities provide a secure and structured environment, specialized programming, and trained staff to meet the unique needs of residents with memory loss. |
| Menu Planning | The process of strategically designing and organizing a menu for a restaurant, cafe, or other food service establishments. |
| Metro Systems | Urban rapid transit systems consisting of underground or elevated railways, commonly found in major cities worldwide for efficient and high-capacity mass transportation. |
| Mice Industry | An acronym referring to the Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions/Events industry, encompassing businesses, professionals, and organizations involved in planning, organizing, and hosting such gatherings. |
| Microbiology | The branch of biology that focuses on the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, their structure, function, behavior, and interactions with the environment. |
| Microcosm | a miniature or scaled-down representation of a larger system or entity, often used to study or illustrate broader patterns or phenomena. |
| Midscale Hotels | Lodging properties offering moderate-priced accommodations and amenities catering to travelers seeking comfort and convenience without the high costs associated with upscale or luxury hotels. |
| Midscale Hotels | A hotel segment offering moderate-priced accommodations, amenities, and services targeting budget-conscious travelers and families, positioned between economy and upscale segments in terms of price and quality. |
| Military Reunion Travel | trips and gatherings organized for current or former members of the military, veterans, or their families to reunite, reminisce, and honor their service experiences. |
| Ministers Of Tourism (Mot) | governmental bodies that focus on tourism development for their countries. |
| Mission | a statement that defines the purpose, goals, and core values of an organization. It articulates the organization’s reason for existence and its commitment to fulfilling its objectives. |
| Mobile Optimization | the process of designing and adapting websites, applications, or digital content to provide an optimal user experience on mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets, ensuring usability, performance, and accessibility. |
| Modern Leisure | contemporary forms of leisure activities, pursuits, or lifestyles that have emerged in the context of industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancements. |
| Monorails | Elevated railway systems consisting of single rail tracks or beams, typically used for urban transit or theme park transportation, offering efficient and futuristic mass transit solutions. |
| Motels | A type of lodging establishment typically located along highways or main roads, offering basic accommodations and amenities primarily for transient travelers and motorists. |
| Motivations To Travel | the underlying reasons, desires, and factors that drive individuals to undertake trips and vacations, such as relaxation, adventure, cultural experiences, or social interaction. |
| Motorcoach Tours | guided travel experiences where travelers explore destinations and attractions aboard a motorcoach or bus, typically with predetermined stops and sightseeing opportunities. |
| Multi-Terminal Hubs | airports or transportation centers with multiple terminal buildings or concourses, serving as major transfer points and connecting hubs for passengers and flights between different destinations. |
| Museum Artifacts | objects, specimens, or items of cultural, historical, or scientific significance preserved and displayed in museums for educational, research, and public enjoyment purposes. |
| Museums | : Cultural institutions or facilities dedicated to preserving, exhibiting, and interpreting artifacts, artworks, and collections of historical, scientific, or cultural significance for public education and enjoyment. |
| National Event | Events, conferences, or gatherings that attract participants or attendees from across a country or nation, often of significant importance, scale, or impact at the national level. |
| National Park | Protected areas of natural or cultural significance designated by the government for preservation and enjoyment of the public. |
| National Park System | a network of protected areas, parks, and reserves established and managed by governments to preserve and conserve natural landscapes, biodiversity, and cultural heritage for public enjoyment, education, and stewardship. |
| National Parks Service (Nps) | a federal agency of the United States government responsible for managing and preserving national parks, monuments, historic sites, and other protected areas for public enjoyment and conservation. |
| National Tourism Organization (Nto) | governmental bodies that focus on tourism development for their countries. |
| National Travel And Tourism Office (Ntto) | The United States office that works to “enhance the international competitiveness of the U.S. travel and tourism industry and increase its exports, thereby creating U.S. employment and economic growth.” |
| Natural History Museums | Cultural institutions focusing on the study, exhibition, and interpretation of natural history, including geology, paleontology, biology, and ecology, through exhibits, specimens, and educational programs. |
| Natural Resource Specialists | scientists who study the behavior, ecology, population dynamics, and conservation of wild animal species and their habitats. |
| Nature-Based Therapies | Therapeutic practices or interventions that involve exposure to natural environments, elements, or activities, such as ecotherapy, forest bathing, or outdoor recreation, to promote health and well-being. |
| Net Operating Income (Noi) | A financial metric representing the total revenue generated from operations minus operating expenses, excluding taxes and financing costs, used to evaluate the profitability of real estate investments. |
| Net Rate | the discounted or wholesale price offered by suppliers, such as hotels or airlines, to travel agents, wholesalers, or tour operators, excluding any commissions or markups. |
| Nets-Zero | A state where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, achieved by balancing emissions with removal or offsetting methods. |
| Networking | building and maintaining professional relationships, connections, and contacts with individuals or groups within one’s industry or field. |
| New Build Properties | Newly constructed or developed hotel properties, often featuring modern design, amenities, and technology to appeal to contemporary travelers and meet evolving market demands. |
| New Distribution Capability (Ndc) | a technology standard developed by IATA to modernize and enhance the distribution of airline products and services, allowing airlines to offer personalized and dynamic content to travel agents and consumers through various channels. |
| Night Audit | The accounting process conducted during the overnight shift at hotels, reconciling daily transactions, balancing accounts, and preparing financial reports for the next business day. |
| Nightclubs | Entertainment venues or establishments that offer music, dancing, drinks, and socializing opportunities, typically operating late into the night or early morning hours, attracting patrons seeking nightlife experiences. |
| Non-Profit Organization | a charitable or mission-driven organization that operates for the public benefit rather than for profit, often involved in community development, advocacy, and social services. |
| Not-For-Profit | Organizations or institutions operated for charitable, educational, cultural, or social purposes, exempt from taxation and focused on serving the public good rather than generating profit. |
| Occupancy | A key performance metric in the hospitality industry measuring the percentage of available rooms or units occupied by guests during a specific period, indicating utilization and revenue performance. |
| Occupancy Rate | A key performance metric in the hospitality industry representing the percentage of available rooms or units occupied by guests during a specific period, indicating utilization and revenue performance. |
| Ocean Liners | large, ocean-going passenger ships designed for long-distance travel between continents, offering scheduled transoceanic voyages and luxury accommodations for passengers, a prominent mode of international travel before the rise of air travel. |
| Online Booking Tools (Obts) | web-based platforms or software solutions that allow travelers to search, compare, and book travel-related services, including flights, hotels, car rentals, and activities, via the internet. |
| Online Travel Agents (Ota) | internet-based platforms, websites, or companies that specialize in selling travel products and services online, including accommodations, flights, packages, and activities, to individual consumers. |
| Opaque Pricing | (=blind booking) a pricing strategy used by travel providers, such as hotels or airlines, where specific details or attributes of a product or service are undisclosed until after purchase, often offered at discounted rates. |
| Open-Air Archaeological Sites | archaeological sites that are open for visitation, such as the Tusayan Ruins located inside Grand Canyon National Park pictured below. |
| Operations | the day-to-day activities and processes involved in running a business or organization. In the hospitality and tourism industry, operations may include front desk management, housekeeping, food and beverage service, maintenance, and other functions necessary to deliver products and services to customers. |
| Operations Director/Manager | Responsible for daily operations. |
| Optimal Experiences | moments of deep engagement, concentration, and fulfillment individuals experience when fully immersed in challenging and rewarding activities that match their skills and interests. |
| Organic Produce | Food products grown or produced without the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), or other artificial additives, in accordance with organic farming standards and principles. |
| Organization By-Laws | a set of rules and regulations established by an organization to govern its internal operations, structure, and decision-making processes. |
| Outbound Tour Operator | An outbound tour operator packages travel for international destinations and sells those packages to people that reside within their own country. |
| Outdoor Recreation | leisure activities and sports conducted in natural settings or outdoor environments, including hiking, camping, fishing, biking, skiing, and wildlife watching. |
| Outlets | In the context of the hospitality industry, outlets refer to various food and beverage establishments or service points within a hotel, resort, or foodservice operation, including restaurants, bars, cafes, lounges, and room service. |
| Over-The-Air Updates | Software updates or patches delivered wirelessly to vehicles or electronic devices, allowing for remote updates and improvements without requiring physical access. |
| Overhead Rate | The ratio of indirect costs or overhead expenses to direct labor costs, used to allocate and apportion overhead expenses to products, projects, or services based on labor hours or other relevant factors. |
| Overtourism | when too many visitors negatively impact a destination. |
| Packaged Holidays | comprehensive travel packages that include transportation, accommodation, meals, and activities for a specific duration, often offered by tour operators or travel agencies. |
| Packaged Tour | a pre-arranged travel itinerary that includes transportation, accommodation, meals, tours, and activities bundled together as a single package for travelers to purchase. |
| Packaged Tours | prearranged travel packages offered by travel agencies or tour operators, typically including transportation, accommodations, meals, and guided activities or excursions for a fixed price. |
| Paradigm Shift | a fundamental change in the way something is understood, perceived, or approached, often resulting in a transformative reevaluation of existing assumptions, beliefs, or practices. |
| Park | a designated public space or area set aside for various recreational activities, relaxation, and enjoyment. |
| Park And Fly Packages | Special hotel packages or deals offering overnight accommodations and parking services for travelers flying out of nearby airports, providing convenience and cost savings for airport travelers. |
| Park Rangers | trained professionals responsible for managing, protecting, and interpreting natural and cultural resources within parks, forests, and protected areas |
| Partnerships | collaborative arrangements and agreements between organizations, businesses, or entities to achieve shared goals, objectives, or projects, often involving resource sharing, risk-sharing, and mutual support. |
| Pasteurization | A heat treatment process used to kill harmful microorganisms and pathogens in food and beverages by heating them to a specific temperature for a set period, without significantly altering their taste or nutritional content. |
| Pasteurization | Involves heating liquids such as milk to destroy harmful bacteria without significantly changing the taste or nutritional value of the product. |
| Pci Compliance | Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) compliance refers to adherence to security standards and practices established by the PCI Security Standards Council to protect credit card data and prevent fraud in payment card transactions. |
| Peer-To-Peer Gambling | A form of gambling where individuals bet against each other rather than against a house or casino, often facilitated through online platforms or peer-to-peer betting exchanges. |
| Permaculture | A sustainable agricultural and design approach that emphasizes working with natural ecosystems to create self-sustaining, regenerative food production systems, incorporating principles such as diversity, resilience, and ecological harmony. |
| Pilates | A system of exercises and movements designed to improve flexibility, strength, and posture, often performed on specialized equipment or mats, emphasizing core stability and body alignment. |
| Pilgrimage | a journey or religious excursion undertaken by individuals or groups to visit sacred or holy sites, shrines, temples, or places of worship associated with spiritual significance, devotion, or religious rituals. |
| (Pit) Bosses | supervisory personnel in casinos who oversee gambling tables, monitor the conduct of dealers and players, ensure adherence to casino policies and regulations, and handle any disputes or issues that may arise during gameplay. |
| Pit Clerks | Casino employees stationed in the pit area, responsible for administrative tasks, record-keeping, and customer service related to table games, including managing player accounts, tracking bets, and issuing chips. |
| Pkf | A consulting and advisory firm specializing in hospitality research, benchmarking, and advisory services, providing insights and analysis on hotel industry trends, performance metrics, and investment opportunities. |
| Placemaking | the process of shaping the future of a place through a shared vision. |
| Ports | facilities and infrastructure located along coastlines, rivers, or waterways, providing docking, loading, and unloading services for ships, vessels, and maritime commerce. |
| Pos/Pms | Point-of-sale (POS) systems and property management systems (PMS) are software solutions used in hospitality establishments for managing transactions, reservations, guest services, and administrative functions. |
| Positioning | the perception and image of a brand, product, or destination in the minds of consumers relative to competitors, based on factors such as attributes, benefits, and value propositions. |
| Postcolonialism | the cultural, political, and intellectual movement that critiques and examines the legacy of colonialism, imperialism, and hegemony, emphasizing decolonization, cultural diversity, and social justice. |
| Postmodernism | is a philosophical and cultural movement that emerged in the late 20th century, challenging traditional notions of truth, identity, and reality, and emphasizing the relativity, plurality, and complexity of human experiences and perspectives. |
| Practicality | the quality of being sensible, realistic, or feasible, especially in terms of achieving practical goals or solving practical problems. |
| Pre-Columbian Games | traditional sports, competitions, or recreational activities played by indigenous cultures in the Americas before the arrival of European colonizers. |
| Prejudice | a negative attitude, stereotype, or judgment formed about individuals or groups based on preconceived notions, biases, or irrational beliefs. |
| Premier Clubs | Exclusive or high-end private clubs catering to affluent individuals or elites, providing luxury amenities, personalized services, and networking opportunities, often with stringent membership criteria. |
| Preservation | the protection, conservation, and maintenance of natural, cultural, or historical resources to prevent deterioration, loss, or destruction. |
| Preservation | The protection, conservation, and maintenance of natural and cultural resources within parks and recreational areas. It involves managing these areas in a way that ensures their ecological integrity, historical significance, and recreational value are sustained for present and future generations. |
| Preservationist | an individual or organization committed to preserving and safeguarding cultural, historical, or architectural heritage sites, artifacts, and traditions for future generations. |
| Press Release | a written statement or announcement issued by an organization to the media for publication or broadcast, providing news, updates, or information about events, initiatives, or developments. |
| Prime Cost | The total direct costs of production, including labor and materials, required to produce a product or deliver a service, excluding overhead and indirect expenses. |
| Private Clubs | Membership-based organizations or establishments offering exclusive access to recreational facilities, social activities, and amenities, typically requiring an invitation or membership fee for entry. |
| Private Donations | Contributions of money, goods, or services made by individuals, businesses, or organizations to support charitable causes, nonprofit organizations, or community initiatives. Private donations are typically voluntary and may be tax-deductible for the donor. |
| Procurement | The process of sourcing, acquiring, and purchasing goods, services, or resources required for events, meetings, conferences, or exhibitions, often involving vendor selection, negotiation, and contract management. |
| Procurement Management Strategy | the approach or plan adopted by organizations to acquire goods, services, and resources needed for corporate travel programs, emphasizing cost savings, quality, and supplier relationships. |
| Product And Destination Development | the creation, enhancement, and diversification of tourism experiences, attractions, amenities, and infrastructure to attract and satisfy visitors. |
| Professional Convention Management Association (Pcma) | A global organization and professional association for event and meeting planners, providing education, resources, networking opportunities, and industry insights for its members. |
| Professionalism | The conduct, behavior, and standards expected of individuals within a particular profession, industry, or occupation, characterized by competence, integrity, ethics, and accountability. |
| Profit Margin | a financial metric that measures the percentage of revenue that exceeds the costs and expenses incurred in generating that revenue. It indicates the profitability and efficiency of a business’s operations. |
| Profit Sharing | A compensation arrangement in which a portion of a company’s profits is distributed among employees as a form of incentive or reward, typically based on predetermined criteria or performance metrics. |
| Proposal Or Bid | a formal offer or submission made by a supplier or vendor in response to a Request for Proposal (RFP) or invitation to tender, outlining the terms, pricing, and details of the proposed goods or services. |
| Prospect | a potential customer, client, or business opportunity that meets certain criteria or requirements and is considered a target for marketing, sales, or business development efforts. |
| Pseudo-Discipline | The superficial or false adherence to rules, regulations, or standards without genuine commitment or understanding. In the hospitality and tourism industry, pseudo-discipline may manifest as a lack of consistency, accountability, or integrity in enforcing policies and procedures. |
| Psychographics | the psychological, behavioral, and lifestyle characteristics of individuals or consumer segments, including attitudes, values, interests, and personality traits. |
| Psychographics | Psychological characteristics, attitudes, values, lifestyles, and behavior patterns of individuals or customer segments, used for market segmentation and targeting in hospitality marketing. |
| Public And Media Relations | managing and cultivating relationships with the media, journalists, and public influencers to generate positive publicity, coverage, and exposure for organizations, brands, or destinations. |
| Public Exhibition | Display or showcase of objects, artifacts, artworks, or information for public viewing and education. Public exhibitions may be hosted by museums, galleries, cultural institutions, or event venues to share knowledge, promote understanding, or stimulate interest in a particular subject. |
| Public Records Act | is a legal statute or law that governs public access to government records and documents, ensuring transparency, accountability, and openness in government operations. |
| Public Relations/Affairs Manager/Director | Responsible for communicaiton with the public and media. |
| Public Transportation System | A network of various modes of transportation, including buses, trains, subways, and trams, operated by public agencies or authorities to provide mobility and accessibility for residents and visitors within a region or city. |
| Public-Private Partnerships | collaborative arrangements between governmental entities and private sector organizations for the provision of public services, infrastructure development, or other projects. |
| Qing Empire | the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. It was founded by the Manchu people and expanded China’s territory to its greatest extent. |
| Qualitative Data | Descriptive or non-numerical information gathered through observations, interviews, surveys, or focus groups, providing insights into attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or perceptions related to events, experiences, or phenomena. |
| Quality Of Life | the overall well-being, satisfaction, and happiness experienced by individuals or communities, often influenced by factors such as health, education, income, environment, and social relationships. |
| Quantitative Data | Numerical or measurable information collected and analyzed for the purpose of statistical analysis, trend identification, or performance measurement, providing objective insights into various aspects of an event, industry, or phenomenon. |
| Quick-Service Restaurants | Restaurants or eateries that offer fast, convenient, and often inexpensive meals or food items with minimal table service, focusing on efficiency, speed, and convenience for customers. |
| Race Track Casinos | Casinos or gaming establishments located at or adjacent to horse racing tracks, offering gambling and entertainment options such as slot machines, table games, and race betting. |
| Railway Networks | interconnected systems of railroad tracks, stations, and infrastructure used for the operation of trains, providing land-based transportation for passengers and freight across various distances and geographies. |
| Rapport | a harmonious and positive relationship or connection established between individuals based on mutual trust, understanding, and respect. Building rapport is essential in the hospitality and tourism industry to create a welcoming and comfortable environment for guests. |
| Rate Parity | the practice of maintaining consistent rates across all distribution channels. |
| Real Estate Cap Rates | Capitalization rates, or cap rates, are a measure used to evaluate the rate of return on real estate investments, calculated by dividing the property’s net operating income by its purchase price or value. |
| Rear Seat Entertainment | Multimedia systems or devices installed in the rear seats of vehicles, typically used to provide entertainment options for passengers, such as movies, games, or music. |
| Receptive Tour Operator (Rto) | a tour operator or company that specializes in receiving and hosting international visitors and travelers in a destination, providing ground transportation, accommodations, tours, and services tailored to their needs and preferences. |
| Recreation | Any activity or experience that provides enjoyment, relaxation, and entertainment, such as sports, arts, music, and travel. |
| Recreational Attractions | Outdoor recreational facilities, parks, or natural areas offering activities such as hiking, camping, boating, fishing, or wildlife viewing, attracting visitors and outdoor enthusiasts seeking nature-based experiences. |
| Recreational Vehicles | (=RV) motorized or towable vehicles equipped with living accommodations, amenities, and utilities for travel, camping, and outdoor recreation, including motorhomes, campers, and trailers. |
| Refrigeration | A technology that slows the spoilage of perishable goods. It accomplishes this by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. This not only maintains food safety standards but also reduces waste while preserving the nutritional value of food products. |
| Regional Commerce | economic activities, trade, and transactions occurring within a specific geographic region or area, involving the exchange of goods, services, and resources among local businesses, consumers, and stakeholders. |
| Regional Tourism Organization (Rto) | state, county, city, and region-run tourism offices. |
| Registrar | Responsible for computer records, permits, and licenses for collection. |
| Regulations | A collection of 3,000+ government agencies in the USA that are responsible for regulating our food industries. |
| Relationship-Building | establishing and nurturing connections, trust, and rapport with customers, stakeholders, and partners through communication, engagement, and mutual respect. |
| Renaissance | a period of cultural, intellectual, and artistic rebirth that began in Italy during the 14th century and spread throughout Europe, lasting until the 17th century. |
| Request For Proposal (Rfp) | A document issued to potential suppliers that outlines what products and services are required by your organization or what your organization needs to achieve, leaving specific solutions up to the supplier to suggest. |
| Research | Systematic investigation or study conducted to discover new knowledge, insights, or information in a specific field or area of interest. Research can involve various methodologies, including experimental, observational, qualitative, or quantitative approaches. |
| Reservation | A booking or arrangement made in advance to secure accommodations, services, or resources for a specific date, time, or period, commonly used in hospitality, travel, and event planning contexts. |
| Resorts | Resorts are vacation destinations typically located in scenic or recreational areas, offering various amenities and recreational activities to guests. Resorts often feature lodging, restaurants, bars, spas, recreational facilities (such as pools, golf courses, or ski slopes), and other attractions designed to provide guests with a comprehensive leisure experience. |
| Resorts | Destination properties offering a range of recreational, leisure, and entertainment amenities and facilities, typically located in scenic or leisure-oriented locations, such as beaches, mountains, or theme parks. |
| Resource Management | planning, allocation, utilization, and conservation of natural, human, and economic resources to achieve sustainable development goals and objectives. |
| Retail | The sale of goods and services directly to consumers for personal use. It is the final step in the distribution chain where products and services are made available to the end-users. |
| Retailers | businesses or establishments that sell goods or services directly to consumers for personal or household use, such as travel agencies, online booking platforms, or tour operators. |
| Return On Investment (Roi) | a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability or effectiveness of an investment, initiative, or marketing campaign by comparing the return or benefits gained to the cost or investment made. |
| Revenue | Revenue refers to the total income generated by a business from its normal business activities, typically from the sale of goods and services. |
| Revenue Maximization | The strategic goal of generating the highest possible income or revenue for a business while minimizing costs and maximizing efficiency. |
| Revenue Per Available Room (Revpar) | A key performance metric in the hospitality industry representing the average revenue earned per available room or unit for a specific period, calculated by multiplying occupancy rate by average daily rate. |
| Rfid (Radio Frequency Identification) | a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. In the hospitality and tourism industry, RFID technology is commonly used for access control, asset tracking, inventory management, and contactless payment systems. |
| Rideshares | transportation services where individuals share rides in privately-owned vehicles, typically arranged and coordinated through online platforms or mobile apps. |
| Ridesharing | a transportation service where individuals share rides in privately-owned vehicles, typically arranged and coordinated through online platforms or mobile apps. |
| Risk Management | the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks and uncertainties that could impact an organization’s objectives and operations. In the hospitality and tourism industry, risk management may involve addressing safety and security concerns, regulatory compliance, financial risks, and other potential threats to business continuity. |
| Rituals | symbolic actions, ceremonies, or behaviors performed in a prescribed manner according to tradition, cultural or religious beliefs, often serving social, spiritual, or ceremonial purposes. |
| Robotaxis Pilots | Pilot programs or trials involving autonomous or self-driving taxis, aimed at testing and evaluating the feasibility and safety of automated taxi services. |
| Roulette | A casino game of chance where players bet on the outcome of a spinning wheel divided into numbered slots, attempting to predict the winning number or color, with various betting options and payout odds. |
| Royal Hunting Preserves | designated areas of land reserved for exclusive hunting and recreational activities by royalty, nobility, or aristocrats, often containing abundant wildlife and natural resources. |
| Rvs | A broad term that encompasses a variety of motorized or towable vehicles designed for recreational travel and leisure activities. |
| Sabre (Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment) | a global technology company that provides travel solutions, including GDS services, booking platforms, airline reservation systems, and other travel-related technologies. |
| Saffron | A highly prized and expensive spice derived from the dried stigmas of the Crocus sativus flower, known for its distinctive aroma, flavor, and vibrant golden color, commonly used in cooking, baking, and traditional cuisines worldwide. |
| Sales Missions | organized trips, visits, or initiatives undertaken by sales representatives or teams to promote and sell products, services, or destinations to clients, customers, or partners. |
| Same-Day Visitors | Travelers or tourists who visit a destination or attraction for a short duration, typically arriving and departing on the same day, often for business, leisure, or recreational purposes. |
| Sanctuaries | protected areas or reserves established to preserve and conserve natural habitats, wildlife, or cultural heritage sites. |
| Science Museums | Cultural institutions dedicated to science education, exploration, and discovery, featuring interactive exhibits, experiments, and demonstrations on topics such as physics, chemistry, biology, and technology. |
| Security And Surveillance | Departments or functions within casinos responsible for monitoring, enforcing security protocols, and ensuring the safety and integrity of gaming operations, patrons, and assets. |
| Segmentation | The process of dividing markets or customer groups into distinct segments based on demographic, psychographic, behavioral, or geographic characteristics to tailor marketing strategies and services. |
| Senior Living Center | A residential community or facility designed specifically for older adults who are typically retired and may require varying levels of assistance with daily living activities. |
| Senior Living Industry | a range of housing, care, and service options designed to meet the needs and preferences of older adults. It includes independent living communities, assisted living facilities, memory care centers, and nursing homes. |
| Sense Of Belonging | Sense of belonging refers to the feeling of being accepted, included, and connected to a particular group, community, or place. In the context of hospitality and tourism, creating a sense of belonging for guests can enhance their overall experience and loyalty to a destination or hospitality establishment by fostering positive relationships, personalized services, and memorable interactions. |
| Sense Of Community | the feeling of belonging, connection, and mutual support among individuals within a particular group, neighborhood, or social environment. |
| Serious Leisure | leisure activities or pursuits that individuals pursue passionately, systematically, and with a high degree of commitment, often involving skill development, personal growth, and identity formation. |
| Service Culture | the values, beliefs, and norms within an organization that prioritize and promote excellent customer service. It involves fostering a customer-centric mindset, empowering employees, and cultivating a supportive and collaborative work environment focused on meeting customer needs and expectations. |
| Servqual | A service quality assessment model developed by researchers Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry. It is based on the perception-performance gap theory and measures customers’ expectations and perceptions of service quality across five dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. |
| Sex Tourism | traveling to another destination with the intention of engaging in sexual activities or relationships, typically involving commercial sex workers or exploitation |
| Shareholders | Shareholders are individuals or entities that own shares or stocks in a company. In the hospitality and tourism industry, shareholders may include investors who have provided capital to develop or expand hotels, resorts, or other tourism-related businesses. |
| Shibboleth | a word or custom that is distinctive to a particular group or tribe, often used as a way to identify members of that group. |
| Ship Berthing | The process of maneuvering and docking a ship or vessel at a pier, dock, or berth for loading, unloading, or mooring purposes. |
| Short-Haul | travel over relatively short distances, typically within a region or metropolitan area, often involving flights, train journeys, or car trips of less than a few hundred miles. |
| Sightseeing Excursions | guided tours or outings that allow travelers to visit and explore tourist attractions, landmarks, and points of interest in a destination, often accompanied by knowledgeable guides or interpreters. |
| Site Selection | The process of choosing and evaluating suitable venues or locations for events, meetings, conferences, or gatherings based on criteria such as capacity, accessibility, amenities, and cost. |
| Site Visits | On-site inspections or visits conducted by event planners, organizers, or clients to evaluate and assess potential venues or locations for events, ensuring suitability, functionality, and alignment with event objectives. |
| Ski Hotels | Lodging properties located near ski resorts or mountain destinations, offering accommodations, amenities, and services tailored to skiers, snowboarders, and winter sports enthusiasts. |
| Slot Attendants | Casino employees tasked with assisting players with slot machines, including cashing out winnings, resolving technical issues, and providing customer service on the casino floor |
| Slow Food | An international movement and philosophy that advocates for the preservation of traditional food cultures, local culinary traditions, and sustainable food production practices, emphasizing quality, authenticity, and community. |
| Smerf (Social, Military, Educational, Religious, And Fraternal) | A market segmentation framework used in the hospitality industry to categorize groups and events based on their social, military, educational, religious, or fraternal affiliations, targeting niche markets for group bookings and events. |
| Smith Travel Research (Str) | A leading provider of data, analytics, and benchmarking insights for the hospitality industry, specializing in hotel performance metrics, market trends, and competitive analysis. |
| Social And Ethical Awareness | Consciousness and consideration of social, environmental, and ethical issues, concerns, and responsibilities in decision-making, actions, and interactions within society and organizations. |
| Social Bonds | The connections, relationships, and interactions between individuals, groups, or communities based on shared interests, experiences, or affiliations, contributing to social cohesion, support networks, and community resilience. |
| Social Lodging | Lodging options emphasizing social interaction, community, and shared experiences among guests, such as hostels, co-living spaces, or communal accommodations, appealing to budget travelers and solo adventurers. |
| Social Media Channels | online platforms and networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn, used for creating, sharing, and exchanging user-generated content, information, and communication. |
| Social Media Influencer | an individual who has a significant following and influence on social media platforms, such as Instagram, YouTube, or TikTok, and can impact consumer behavior, opinions, and trends |
| Socio-Cultural | The social and cultural aspects of human societies, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors. In the context of tourism, socio-cultural factors influence tourist preferences, experiences, and interactions with local communities and destinations. |
| Soft Brand Hotels | Hotel collections or affiliations allowing independent properties to retain their unique identity and branding while benefiting from the marketing, distribution, and support of a larger brand or network. |
| Soft Commodity | A type of commodity that is grown rather than extracted or mined, typically referring to agricultural products such as grains, fruits, vegetables, or livestock. |
| Solo Travel | Travel undertaken by individuals or solo travelers without companions or travel partners, seeking independence, adventure, and personal enrichment through solo exploration and experiences. |
| Sous-Vide | A cooking technique that involves vacuum-sealing food in airtight bags and cooking it at a precise, low temperature in a water bath or immersion circulator, resulting in evenly cooked, tender, and flavorful dishes. |
| Spa Hotels | Lodging establishments featuring spa facilities and wellness amenities as a primary focus, offering guests relaxation, rejuvenation, and therapeutic treatments during their stay. |
| Space Tourism | the commercial activity of offering individuals the opportunity to travel into outer space for recreational or leisure purposes, typically aboard spacecraft or space vehicles. |
| Spas | A facility or establishment that offers a variety of health and wellness treatments, services, and activities designed to enhance the physical and mental well-being of individuals. |
| Speakers | Individuals invited or selected to deliver presentations, speeches, lectures, or talks at events, conferences, or meetings, sharing expertise, insights, information, or opinions on specific topics or subjects. |
| Special/Private Events Manager | Responsible for developing special events or coordinating private event rentals. |
| Sponsors | Individuals, companies, or organizations that provide financial support, resources, or contributions to events, conferences, or exhibitions in exchange for promotional opportunities, branding exposure, or other benefits. |
| Sponsorship | Financial or other support provided by a company or organization to an event in exchange for recognition or promotional benefits. |
| Sport | organized physical activities or competitive games that involve skill, strategy, and physical exertion, often governed by rules and regulations. |
| Stacking Cranes | Crane systems used in container terminals or ports for stacking and organizing shipping containers, facilitating efficient storage and handling of cargo. |
| Staff Training | The process of providing instruction, education, and skills development to employees or staff members to enhance their knowledge, competence, and performance in their roles within the organization. |
| Staffing | The process of recruiting, hiring, training, and managing personnel or employees to perform various roles and responsibilities within hospitality and tourism establishments. |
| Stagecoach | a horse-drawn carriage or vehicle used for passenger transportation in the past, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, before the advent of railways and motorized vehicles. |
| Stakeholders | Stakeholders are individuals, groups, or entities that have an interest or stake in a particular organization or project. In the hospitality and tourism industry, stakeholders may include investors, employees, local communities, government agencies, suppliers, and customers, among others. |
| Star Rating | A system used to evaluate and classify the quality and amenities of hotels and accommodations, typically ranging from one star to five stars, based on criteria such as service, facilities, cleanliness, and guest experience. |
| State Event | Events, conferences, or gatherings that take place within a specific state or region, attracting participants or attendees primarily from that state or region, often sponsored or supported by state authorities or organizations. |
| State Parks | protected areas managed by state governments to preserve and conserve natural, cultural, and recreational resources for public enjoyment, education, and outdoor recreation. |
| Steam-Powered Rail Transport | locomotives and trains powered by steam engines, which use steam pressure to generate motion and propel rail vehicles along tracks, a technology prevalent during the early years of railway development. |
| Steamboats | watercraft propelled by steam engines, using steam power to drive paddlewheels or propellers and navigate rivers, lakes, and coastal waters, playing a significant role in transportation and trade during the 19th century. |
| Steamships | vessels powered by steam engines, which revolutionized transportation and trade during the Industrial Revolution by enabling faster and more efficient maritime travel. |
| Step-On Guides | tour guides that ”step onto” a tour bus to provide guide service |
| Strategic Planning | the process of setting goals, objectives, and priorities, and developing strategies and action plans to achieve them, often involving analysis, decision-making, and resource allocation. |
| Strategies | the plans or approaches devised to achieve the goals and objectives of an organization. They involve the allocation of resources, identification of priorities, and implementation of tactics to overcome challenges and seize opportunities. |
| Streetcars | Urban rail transit vehicles operating on tracks embedded in city streets, providing public transportation services within urban areas, also known as trams or trolleys. |
| Student Travel | trips and tours designed for students, educational groups, or youth travelers, often including academic, cultural, or experiential learning opportunities. |
| Suite Hotels | Lodging properties offering suites as the primary type of accommodation, typically featuring separate living areas, kitchenettes, and enhanced amenities compared to standard hotel rooms. |
| Supplier Diversity Managers | professionals tasked with promoting and managing diversity and inclusion initiatives within corporate travel procurement processes, including sourcing and contracting with minority-owned, women-owned, or small businesses. |
| Suppliers | Individuals, companies, or organizations that provide goods, services, or resources to another business for use in its operations. In the context of hospitality and tourism, suppliers may include food and beverage vendors, equipment manufacturers, transportation providers, and other service providers. |
| Suppliers | businesses, vendors, or individuals that provide goods, services, or resources to other businesses or organizations, such as hotels, airlines, tour operators, and transportation companies. |
| Supply Chain Resilience | The ability of a supply chain or distribution network to withstand and recover from disruptions, shocks, or unforeseen events while maintaining continuity of operations, including strategies for risk management, contingency planning, and adaptive capacity. |
| Surface Transportation Board | An independent agency of the U.S. government responsible for economic regulation of interstate surface transportation, including railroads and trucking. |
| Sustainability | Sustainability refers to the practice of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In the context of hospitality and tourism, sustainability involves minimizing negative impacts on the environment, preserving cultural heritage, supporting local economies, and ensuring the long-term viability of tourism destinations and businesses. |
| Sustainability | The practice of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, including social, economic, and environmental considerations. |
| Sustainability Coordinators | individuals or teams responsible for developing and implementing sustainable practices, policies, and initiatives within organizations, including those related to corporate travel and tourism. |
| Sustainable Aviation Fuels (Saf) | Biofuels or synthetic fuels produced from renewable sources, used in aviation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. |
| Swot Analysis | a strategic planning tool used to assess an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, helping to identify strategic priorities and formulate action plans. |
| Symbolism | The use of symbols, icons, or representations to convey meaning, messages, or ideas within a cultural, social, or historical context, often associated with values, beliefs, or identity. |
| Table Games | Casino games played on tables or surfaces, such as blackjack, roulette, poker, baccarat, and craps, typically involving cards, dice, or spinning wheels, with rules and strategies for players to follow. |
| Tandoori | A cooking technique originating from South Asia, particularly India, involving the use of a tandoor, a cylindrical clay oven, to cook food, often marinated meats, bread, or vegetables, at high temperatures, resulting in a smoky, charred flavor. |
| Taverns | Social gathering places offering food, drinks, and accommodations for travelers and locals, historically found along roadsides, in towns, or at crossroads, providing hospitality and entertainment services. |
| Taxonomy Of Attractions | A classification or categorization system used to organize and classify tourist attractions based on criteria such as type, theme, size, popularity, and cultural significance. |
| The American Hotel & Lodging Association (Ah&La) | A trade association representing the hotel and lodging industry in the United States, advocating for the interests of hoteliers, owners, operators, and employees. |
| The House Of Wisdom | a major intellectual center in medieval Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age, known for its contributions to scholarship, science, philosophy, and translation. |
| The International Standards Organisation (Iso) | An international organization that develops and publishes standards for various industries and sectors, including tourism, hospitality, and environmental management. |
| Theme Park | Amusement park with themed attractions, lands, or areas based on specific concepts, stories, or intellectual properties. Theme parks offer immersive experiences, storytelling, and entertainment centered around a cohesive theme or narrative. |
| Third Place Concept | A sociological concept referring to spaces or environments (other than home or work) where individuals regularly gather, socialize, and interact, fostering a sense of community, belonging, and social bonds. |
| Thomas Cook | A pioneering figure in the travel industry, Thomas Cook was a British businessman who founded one of the first travel agencies and organized the first package tours, contributing to the development of modern tourism. |
| Ticketing | The process of selling, issuing, and distributing tickets or admissions for events, meetings, conferences, or exhibitions, often managed through ticketing platforms, systems, or services. |
| Timeshare | is a form of vacation ownership where multiple individuals share ownership or usage rights to a vacation property. Owners typically purchase a specific timeframe (e.g., one or two weeks) at a resort or property, allowing them to use the accommodation during that period each year. |
| Timeshares | Vacation ownership arrangements where individuals or families purchase the right to use accommodations at a resort or property for a specific period each year, typically for a set number of years. |
| Tlachtli | (also known as the Mesoamerican ballgame) a ritualistic sport played by ancient civilizations such as the Aztecs, Maya, and Olmecs, involving a rubber ball and stone courts. |
| Tour Packages | A combination of two or more travel elements, such as accommodation, transportation, entertainment, car rental, flight, meals, travel insurance, and entertainment and are sold for an all-inclusive price. |
| Tourism | The activity of traveling to and staying in places outside of one’s usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes. |
| Tourism | The travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes, typically involving stays away from home for one or more nights. It encompasses a wide range of activities, destinations, and services designed to meet the needs and preferences of travelers. |
| Tourism Data Evaluation | the collection, analysis, interpretation, and utilization of data and statistics related to tourism, including visitor arrivals, spending, market trends, and economic impacts. |
| Tourism Demand | The desire, willingness, and ability of individuals or groups to travel for leisure, business, or other purposes, influenced by factors such as income, prices, preferences, and external conditions. |
| Tourism Industry | The collection of businesses and organizations that facilitate and support tourism activities, including transportation, accommodations, food and beverage, and attractions. |
| Tourism Policy Council | a governmental advisory body or committee tasked with advising policymakers on tourism-related issues, strategies, and initiatives. |
| Tourism Product | The combination of tangible and intangible elements, including attractions, accommodations, transportation, services, and experiences, offered to tourists and travelers as a package or experience. |
| Tourism Products | the elements tourists consume during a travel event. In other words, they are the overnight accommodations, modes of transportations, dining services, entertainment, and experiences such as guided tours and attractions used throughout a trip. |
| Tourism Promotion Area | a designated geographic area where lodging businesses assess themselves a fee to fund tourism marketing, promotion, and destination enhancement efforts. |
| Tourism Suppliers | businesses or entities that provide goods, services, or infrastructure to support the tourism industry. They may include hotels, airlines, restaurants, tour operators, transportation providers, attractions, and other businesses catering to the needs of tourists. |
| Tourism-Related Stakeholders | those with an interest in tourism in a destination |
| Tourist | an individual who travels to a destination outside their usual environment for various purposes. Tourists typically engage in activities such as sightseeing, shopping, dining, and experiencing local culture and attractions during their travels. |
| Tournaments | Competitive events or contests in sports, games, or activities where individuals or teams compete against each other for prizes, titles, or recognition, often following a structured format or set of rules. |
| Transatlantic Liners | ocean liners or ships that traverse the Atlantic Ocean, offering scheduled passenger services between ports in Europe and North America, historically significant for transatlantic immigration, trade, and travel. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | a historic railway line or network that spans across a continent, connecting regions or coastlines and facilitating transportation, commerce, and settlement, such as the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States completed in 1869. |
| Transferable Skills | abilities and competencies that can be applied across different roles, industries, or situations. These skills are not specific to a particular job or field but can be valuable assets in various professional settings. |
| Transparancy | openness, honesty, and accountability in decision-making, operations, and communications, allowing stakeholders to access information and participate in governance processes. |
| Transportation Security Administration (Tsa) | An agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security responsible for securing transportation systems and ensuring the safety of travelers. |
| Transportation Systems | the infrastructure, vehicles, and services used for the movement of people, goods, and resources within and between geographic locations, including public transit, highways, railways, airports, and ports. |
| Travel Agency | a business or organization that specializes in providing travel-related services, including booking accommodations, transportation, tours, and activities for individual or group travelers. |
| Travel Agency | a business or organization that specializes in providing travel-related services, including booking accommodations, transportation, tours, and activities for individual or group travelers. |
| Travel Agency Franchise | a business model where an individual or group purchases the rights to operate a travel agency under an established brand name, receiving support, training, and access to centralized resources from the franchisor. |
| Travel Agents | professionals or businesses that assist and advise travelers in planning, booking, and organizing their trips, vacations, or travel arrangements, often providing personalized services and recommendations. |
| Travel Bloggers And Vloggers | individuals who create and publish content, articles, videos, or blogs about their travel experiences, tips, recommendations, and insights for their online audiences. |
| Travel Management Companies | businesses that specialize in providing comprehensive travel management services to corporate clients, including booking, planning, expense management, and travel policy compliance. |
| Travel Managers | professionals responsible for overseeing and managing corporate travel programs, policies, and expenses within organizations, ensuring compliance, cost efficiency, and traveler satisfaction. |
| Travel Product | see tourism product (a package, service, or experience offered to travelers and tourists, including accommodations, transportation, tours, activities, and amenities) |
| Travel Product Chain | the sequence or network of entities, businesses, and activities involved in the creation, distribution, and consumption of travel products and services, from suppliers to consumers. |
| Travel Product Distribution | the sale, marketing, and delivery of travel products and services to consumers through various distribution channels, including direct sales, online platforms, travel agencies, and tour operators. |
| Travel Trade | those companies and organizations whose business it is to manage, package, organize, or resell travel products, such as airfare, car rental, hotel or cruise accommodation, tours, etc. |
| Travelport | a technology company that operates a global distribution system (GDS), providing travel agencies, tour operators, and other travel businesses with access to airline, hotel, car rental, and other travel content and services. |
| Tribal Casinos | Casinos operated by Native American tribes or tribal nations on sovereign tribal lands, often regulated and governed by tribal gaming commissions or compacts with state governments. |
| Trucking | to the transportation of goods, cargo, or freight by trucks or lorries over land routes, playing a vital role in logistics, supply chains, and commerce. |
| Un Tourism | Formerly known as United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting sustainable, responsible, and accessible tourism worldwide, facilitating cooperation and development in the tourism sector. |
| United Nations World Tourism Organization (Unwto) | The leading international organization responsible for promoting sustainable and responsible tourism worldwide. It serves as a global forum for cooperation, knowledge exchange, and policy development among governments, tourism organizations, and other stakeholders in the tourism industry. |
| Universal Express | A paid service offered by Universal Parks & Resorts that provides guests with priority access to rides, attractions, and shows, allowing them to bypass regular queues and reduce wait times. |
| Upper Midscale Hotels | A hotel segment offering mid-range accommodations, amenities, and services targeting value-conscious travelers and families, positioned above midscale and economy segments in terms of price and quality. |
| Upper Upscale Hotels | A hotel segment offering luxury accommodations, amenities, and services targeting affluent travelers and corporate clients, positioned above upscale and luxury segments in terms of price and quality. |
| Upscale Hotels | Higher-tier lodging establishments offering premium accommodations, amenities, and services targeted at discerning travelers seeking luxury, sophistication, and personalized experiences. |
| Urban Green Spaces | parks, gardens, and natural areas within cities and urban environments, providing residents and visitors with opportunities for recreation, relaxation, and connection with nature. |
| Urbanization | the process of population migration from rural areas to urban centers, resulting in the growth and expansion of cities and metropolitan areas. |
| Urbanization |
the process by which an increasing proportion of a population migrates from rural areas to urban areas, leading to the growth and expansion of cities and towns. It involves the transformation of rural landscapes into urban environments, characterized by the development of infrastructure, buildings, and services to accommodate the needs of a growing urban population.
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| Utilitarian | a philosophical or ethical approach that emphasizes the greatest happiness, utility, or benefit for the greatest number of people. |
| Vacation Ownership Industry | the sale of ownership interests or rights to use vacation accommodations (such as resorts, condominiums, or villas) for a specified period each year. |
| Vacation Rentals | Self-catering accommodations, such as apartments, houses, or cottages, rented out to travelers or vacationers for short-term stays, providing a home-like environment and flexibility. |
| Value Chain | The entire series of activities and processes involved in the production, distribution, and delivery of goods or services from raw materials to the end consumer, encompassing all stages of production, transformation, and exchange. |
| Vehicle-To-Everything (V2X) Communication | A technology that enables vehicles to communicate with other vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and devices to improve safety and efficiency on the road. |
| Vendors | Suppliers, contractors, or service providers that supply goods, products, or services to events, meetings, conferences, or exhibitions, including catering, audio-visual, decoration, and transportation services. |
| Venues | Facilities, spaces, or locations suitable for hosting events, meetings, conferences, exhibitions, or gatherings, including hotels, convention centers, stadiums, arenas, and specialized event venues. |
| Virtual Event | An event that takes place entirely online, using virtual platforms and technology to connect attendees, speakers, and other participants. |
| Virtual Games | Digital or computer-generated simulations of games, sports, or activities that users can play or interact with using electronic devices, such as video games, online multiplayer games, or virtual reality experiences. |
| Virtual Models | Digital representations or simulations of physical spaces, venues, or environments created using computer-generated imagery (CGI) or virtual reality (VR) technology, often used for event planning, visualization, and simulation. |
| Vision | a statement that describes the desired future state or long-term goals of an organization. It provides a compelling and aspirational image of what the organization hopes to achieve and the impact it seeks to make in the world. |
| Visitor Amenities | Facilities, services, or infrastructure provided to enhance the comfort, convenience, and enjoyment of visitors and tourists at destinations, including accommodations, transportation, dining, and recreational activities. |
| Visitor Attractions | Points of interest, landmarks, or destinations that attract tourists, visitors, and travelers due to their cultural, historical, natural, or recreational significance, contributing to tourism development and local economies. |
| Visitor Experiences | the interactions, activities, and impressions that visitors have during their travels, including sightseeing, outdoor recreation, cultural immersion, and educational opportunities. |
| Visitor Information Center | a physical or virtual facility that provides travelers and tourists with information, resources, maps, brochures, and assistance about local attractions, accommodations, activities, and services. |
| Visitor Services | the range of amenities, facilities, and assistance provided to travelers and tourists at destinations, including accommodations, transportation, dining, tours, and recreational activities. |
| Visitor Services Manager | Responsible for admissions, concessions, and other activities to accommodate the visiting public. |
| Volunteer Coordinator | Responsible for an institution’s volunteers, including recruitment, scheduling, and training |
| Vulnerability | the state of being susceptible to harm, injury, or risk, either physically, emotionally, economically, or socially. |
| Wanderlust | a strong desire or impulse to travel, explore, and experience new places, cultures, and adventures. |
| Water Sports | recreational activities or sports conducted on or in water, such as swimming, surfing, snorkeling, sailing, kayaking, or scuba diving. |
| Water Taxis | Waterborne passenger vessels or boats operating on established routes within harbors, rivers, or coastal areas, offering on-demand or scheduled transportation services to passengers. |
| Waterpark Hotels | Lodging properties featuring waterpark attractions, pools, and slides as a primary amenity, offering family-friendly accommodations and entertainment for guests of all ages. |
| Wattleseed | An Australian native seed with a nutty, coffee-like flavor, used as a spice or flavoring agent in indigenous Australian cuisine, beverages, bread, desserts, and sauces. |
| Webinars | Online seminars or presentations conducted over the internet, allowing participants to attend, interact, and engage with presenters or speakers remotely, often using video conferencing or webinar platforms. |
| Well-Being | the state of physical, mental, and emotional health, happiness, and overall quality of life experienced by individuals or populations. |
| Wellness | A holistic concept that encompasses the overall well-being of an individual across various dimensions of health—physical, mental, emotional, social, and sometimes even spiritual. |
| Whales | Colloquial term referring to extremely high-stakes gamblers or players who wager significant amounts of money at casinos, often generating substantial revenue and profits for casino operators. |
| Wholesalers | intermediaries or middlemen who purchase goods or services in bulk from suppliers and resell them to retailers, travel agents, or other businesses at a profit. |
| Wilderness | A natural area that has not been significantly altered or developed by human activity, often protected for its ecological, scenic, or cultural value. |
| Wildlife | undomesticated animals living in their natural habitats, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. |
| Wildlife Biologists | professionals with expertise in managing and conserving natural resources, including land, water, minerals, forests, and wildlife. |
| Wine Tourism | a form of tourism that focuses on visiting wineries, vineyards, and wine-producing regions to learn about winemaking, tasting wines, and experiencing local cuisine and culture. |
| Word-Of-Mouth | The informal communication and recommendations exchanged between individuals about products, services, or experiences. Positive word-of-mouth can significantly influence consumer behavior and brand perception in the hospitality and tourism industry. |
| Youth Studies | an interdisciplinary field of academic inquiry that examines the experiences, behaviors, identities, and social contexts of young people, addressing issues such as education, employment, leisure, and transition to adulthood. |
| Zheng He | a Chinese explorer and mariner who led seven maritime expeditions during the early Ming Dynasty in the 15th century, traveling as far as Africa and promoting Chinese influence and trade. |
| Zoos And Aquariums | Facilities or attractions housing collections of living animals, including terrestrial and aquatic species, for conservation, education, research, and public viewing, promoting awareness and appreciation of wildlife. |
