79 End-of-Chapter Material
Additional Exercises
- Write the balanced chemical equation between Zn metal and HCl(aq). The other product is ZnCl2.
- Write the neutralization reaction in which ZnCl2, also found in Exercise 1, is the salt product.
- Why isn’t an oxide compound like CaO considered a salt? (Hint: what acid-base combination would be needed to make it if it were a salt?)
- Metal oxides are considered basic because they react with H2O to form OH compounds. Write the chemical equation for a reaction that forms a base when CaO is combined with H2O.
- Write the balanced chemical equation between aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid.
- Write the balanced chemical equation between phosphoric acid and barium hydroxide.
- Write the equation for the chemical reaction that occurs when caffeine (C8H10N4O2) acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base.
- Citric acid (C6H8O7) is the acid found in citrus fruits. It can lose a maximum of three H+ ions in the presence of a base. Write the chemical equations for citric acid acting stepwise as a Brønsted-Lowry acid.
- Can an amphiprotic substance be a strong acid and a strong base at the same time? Explain your answer.
- Can an amphiprotic substance be a weak acid and a weak base at the same time? If so, explain why and give an example.
- Under what conditions will the equivalence point of a titration be slightly acidic?
- Under what conditions will the equivalence point of a titration be slightly basic?
- Write the chemical equation for the autoionization of NH3.
- Write the chemical equation for the autoionization of HF.
- What is the pOH range for an acidic solution?
- What is the pOH range for a basic solution?
- The concentration of commercial HCl is about 12 M. What is its pH and pOH?
- The concentration of concentrated H2SO4 is about 18 M. Assuming only one H+ comes off the H2SO4 molecule, what is its pH and pOH? What would the pH and pOH be if the second H+ were also ionized?
Answers
- Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
- The O2− ion would come from H2O, which is not considered a classic acid in the Arrhenius sense.
- 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
- C8H10N4O2 + H2O → C8H10N4O2H+ + OH−; the H+ ion attaches to one of the N atoms in the caffeine molecule.
- As a strong acid or base, an amphiprotic substance reacts 100% as an acid or a base, so it cannot be a base or an acid at the same time.
- if the salt produced is an acidic salt
- NH3 + NH3 → NH4+ + NH2−
- pOH > 7
- pH = −1.08; pOH = 15.08