Term
|
Definition
|
| 75% Engagement Threads |
the allowance between the male threads of a bolt and female threads of a nut and is the most common for cut threads |
| Abrasive |
The grit that removes material by rubbing (grinding) |
| Abrasive Saw |
A circular saw which is typically used to cut hard material, such as metal, tile, and concrete with an abrasive disc. |
| Accuracy |
how close a measured feature is to the intended dimension |
| Additive Manufacturing |
where parts can be created by fusing powders in special machines one layer at a time until the finished part is created |
| Allowance |
the engineered difference from nominal, which allows parts to function as necessary. |
| Aluminum Oxide |
Blades designed to cut ferrous material that are composed of abrasive grains bonded with aluminum oxide. |
| American National Standards Institute (Ansi) |
a private, non-profit organization that manages the U.S. voluntary standards and conformity assessment system |
| American Society For Testing And Materials (Astm) |
It is an international organization that develops voluntary consensus standards for a wide range of industries |
| American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (Asme) |
a not-for-profit organization that promotes engineering and related sciences |
| Angle Milling |
The process of using milling cutters to create angled features on a workpiece. |
| Angular Indexing |
The process of executing simple indexing based on desired angles rather than fractions of a rotation. |
| Annealing |
a process used on hardened parts where the material is softened |
| Ansi |
is a private, non-profit organization that oversees the development and implementation of voluntary consensus standards for various industries and sectors in the United States. |
| Ansi Z87.1 |
standard establishes the requirements and performance criteria for eye and face protection devices used in occupational and educational settings |
| Apron |
The component of a lathe that attaches to the underneath of the carriage and houses the mechanisms for power feeding. |
| Arbor |
The shaft that the grinding wheel mounts on. |
| Automatic Center Punches |
are spring-loaded tools used to create center punch marks. |
| Balanchard Grinding |
see blanchard |
| Ball Oiler |
A spring loaded ball, that when depressed, allows the tip of an oil can to to lube points of machine tools. |
| Base |
The bottom feature of a piece of machinery, often attached to the floor. |
| Bed |
A long structural component of a lathe that supports the other major components.The ways are on the top of the bed. |
| Benchwork |
refers to using hand tools to fabricate a part. |
| Best Practice |
Best practices are procedures agreed upon within an organization to standardize information, also referred to as standard operating procedures |
| Bi-Metal |
Two different metals bonded together to share physical properties. The carbon steel provides the toughness, and the high speed steel provides the hard cutting edge. |
| Bill Of Materials |
a comprehensive list of all the materials, parts, components, and sub-assemblies needed to manufacture or build a product as depicted in an engineering drawing |
| Billet |
is a large piece of stock that does not need to be cut down before machining |
| Blade Width |
the distance from the smooth back of the sawblade to the front of the teeth. |
| Blanchard |
Grinding with a rotating magnetic table to remove large amounts of material from a surface. |
| Block Squaring |
The process of systematically cutting the six sides of a block square to one another. |
| Blocking |
Using blocks to keep the part from moving around |
| Body |
The section of a rotational cutting tool located between the shank and the tip. |
| Body Clearance |
The relieved portion of the body that keeps the tool from rubbing during the machining process. |
| Bore |
A cutting operation that uses a single point cutting tool (boring bar) to produce an internal conical, or cylindrical feature by enlarging an existing opening in a workpiece. |
| Boring |
See Bore |
| Boring Bar |
Cutting tools that are designed for boring operations. |
| Boring Head |
A tool that is used to create bored holes on machines that utilize revolving cutters. |
| Burning |
Too much heat from the wheel is going into the part. Increase feed to resolve. |
| Carbide |
A very hard material that can cut more aggressively, but is brittle. |
| Carbon Steel |
steel that is comprised of two elements, iron, and carbon. used for cutting tools, springs, wrenches, and other types of equipment. |
| Carriage |
The component of a lathe that attaches to the bed and provides an attachment point for the cross slide. |
| Castings |
parts created by pouring molten metal into a form and allowing it to solidify |
| Center |
A device that is used to support work on the rotational axis. |
| Center Drill |
A tool used to create a countersunk seat for a support center on the tailstock. |
| Center Finder |
A device used to locate the position of features on a workpiece. |
| Center Line |
thin, long-short-long lines that indicate the centers of symmetrical objects, arcs, and holes. |
| Chamfer |
The process of cutting an angle on the sharp square corner of a part. The sloped or angled edge between two connecting surfaces of a part. It can be used on either an internal or external edge. The taper placed on the top, inside of a tap drilled hole that facilitates the formation of a complete thread. |
| Chatter |
A vibration in the machining process caused by a lack of rigidity, incorrect spindle speed, or incorrect feed rate. |
| Chisel Point |
The line at the center of the drill tip that connects one cutting edge to the other. |
| Chsb |
Cap Head Shoulder Bolt. This is a common description of bolts used in assemblies. |
| Clamp |
A device used to secure work in a machine shop. |
| Column |
A vertical component of machinery that extends from the base to other components. |
| Combustion |
is the process of combining a fuel and oxygen and then adding an ignition source |
| Compound Rest |
The component of a lathe that attaches to the cross slide and provides an attachment point for the tool post. |
| Computer Aided Design |
CAD is a tool that allows engineers to use the advanced technology of software based design to create digital models that can be transmitted electronically to manufacturers across the globe. |
| Computer Aided Machining (Manufacturing) |
CAM software used by CNC programmers to create tool paths that are translated into G-Code and posted to machines, which ultimately create the part. |
| Concave |
The shape is that of a bowl right-side up |
| Conical |
cone shaped, such as an ice cream cone. |
| Counterbore |
A circular, blind hole with a flat bottom. Sometimes used to recess the head of a fastener so that it does not sit above the face of the part. |
| Counterboring |
The process of making a counterbore. See counterbore |
| Countersink |
A conical feature at the top of a hole used to recess the head of a fastener so that it does not sit above the face of the part. |
| Countersink (Tool) |
A tool used to create a conical recess at the top of a hole. |
| Countersinking |
The process of using a countersink to create a conical recess at the top of a hole. |
| Crest |
The top flat surface of a thread. |
| Cross Slide |
The component of a lathe that attaches to the carriage and provides an attachment point for the compound rest. |
| Cross-Hatching |
The resulting surface finish where two sets of parallel lines intersect. |
| Crossfeed |
The short movement in and out along the Z axis. |
| Cut Threads |
remove material by creating a chip. This is in contrast to form threading |
| Cutting Edge |
The edge at the end of a flute that creates the chip during the cutting process. |
| Cutting Plane Lines |
thick, dashed lines that run through the inside of an object to show where an imaginary cut has been made |
| Datum |
zero reference to measure from |
| Decimal Place |
how many digits after the decimal the machinist needs to take into consideration when measuring a dimension |
| Depth Of Cut |
The amount a cutting tool is engaged in the material as measured along an axis perpendicular to the cutting axes. |
| Detail Drawing |
graphical representations that provide specific and comprehensive information about an individual component, part, or section of a larger product, structure, or system. |
| Detail View |
provides a close-up of a selected section of a larger view. |
| Diamond Blades |
a saw blade with diamond segments along the cutting edge. Used to cut hard material, it grinds through the material instead of cutting. |
| Diamond Dresser |
A tool with an industrial diamond attached to the end of a bar and is used to perform severe grinding wheel dressing |
| Dim Tags |
Correlates a specific dimension to a simple numbering system that is used to complete FAIs and In Process Checks |
| Dimension |
the numerical value assigned to a part size, shape or feature. |
| Direct Indexing |
The process of indexing that uses the larger increments of the direct indexing plate, Often in course angular increments. |
| Direct Read Mearing Equipment |
an inspection instrument that provides numerical values or readings of a feature when measured |
| Disengagement Lever |
A lever that allows the operator to put the indexing head into a neutral state for ease of movement. |
| Dividing |
The process of rotating a workpiece in precise increments. See also indexing |
| Double Cut File |
cutting edges are created by a criss cross pattern on the face of the file which creates a more aggressive pattern designed for maximum material removal and not for a smooth finish |
| Draw Bar |
A bar that pulls tools, or tool holding devices, into a machine taper. |
| Draw Filing |
A finish file technique where the file is placed perpendicular to the direction of draw and pulled accross the stock. |
| Drawing Area |
the designated area within the drawing sheet where the graphical representation of the component, part, or assembly is created. |
| Dressing |
a grinding wheel maintenance task where the surface of the grinding wheel is restored to improve performance. |
| Drill Chuck |
A device used to easily hold hole making tools. |
| Drill Guide |
a tool that aligns the drill/tap perpendicular to the surface of the stock material |
| Drill Press Vise |
A simple work holding device used on a drill press. |
| Drilling |
The process of using a twist drill to create a hole. |
| Drops |
remnants of the original stock that are too short to be used for the intended purpose |
| Edge Finding |
The process of using an edge finder to accurately locate features. |
| End Mill |
A milling tool that performs side milling, slotting, pocketing, and various other cutts. |
| End Mill Holder |
A tool holding device that utilizes an accurate bore and set screw to secure tools. |
| Extrusions |
are usually made of aluminum which has been heated and forced through a die, giving the stock its finished shape. |
| Face Mill |
A milling tool used to cut large flat features perpendicular to the table. |
| Face Milling |
The process of using a face mill to create a flat top surface on a milling machine. |
| Face Plate |
A flat plate installed on the spindle nose for holding nontraditional shaped work. |
| Facing |
A term used on the lathe to describe the cutting across the end of a workpiece to make it flat, or to describe cutting the top of a part flat on a mill. |
| Facing And Turning Tools |
Cutting tools that are designed with clearances for facing and turning operations. |
| Feed Rate |
The rate at which a machine axis is moving. Often expressed in inches per minute (IPM). |
| Feed Rod |
A rod that transmits power from the quick change gearbox to the apron for power feeding purposes. |
| Ferrous |
Material containing iron |
| File |
tools made from hardened steel with small cutting edges designed to remove material in small slivers called filings. |
| File Card |
a brush designed to clean the cutting edges on files by brushing away filings. |
| Finishing Allowance |
The amount of material that is intentionally left after roughing operations, for finishing passes. |
| Fire Triangle |
a simple and fundamental concept used to understand the three essential components required for a fire to occur and sustain itself; fuel, heat, and oxygen |
| Firm Joint Caliper |
device that has two legs that are held together by friction. |
| First Angle Projection |
Also known as European Projection, the object is placed in the first quadrant, top-right, of a right-handed coordinate system, and the projection planes are stated between the observer and the object. |
| First Article Inspection |
A FAI is a production validation process that verifies that a new or modified production process produces conforming parts |
| Fixture Clamps |
Clamps that utilize the tee slots of machine tables as anchors for securing work. |
| Flammable |
a flammable liquid is any liquid having a flashpoint at or below 199.4 °F (93 °C) is any liquid having a flashpoint at or below 199.4 °F (93 °C) |
| Flank |
The load bearing angled surfaces of a thread between the root and the crest. |
| Flute |
The portion of the body that allows the chips to flow away from the cut. |
| Follower Rest |
A support component that is used to brace the outside of the work at the point of tool contact when turning long flexible workpieces. |
| Foot Stock |
A support component that is used when indexing long flexible workpieces. |
| Forgings |
are parts which have been formed by extreme pressure sandwiching a hot piece of metal between two tool steel dies, giving it a specific shape, such as a mechanics wrench. |
| Form Threading |
does not cut the material but instead forms or pushes the material by exerting forces against the material |
| Form Tool |
A tool that is used to cut a specific shape on a part, often in a single linear cut. The tool is made to be the inverse of the shape required on the part. |
| Four Jaw Chuck |
A work holding device that uses four independently moving jaws to grip material. |
| Gage |
is a specific type of measuring equipment that is primarily used to measure a single quantity or attribute |
| Gears |
Mechanical components that transmit rotation and power. |
| Ghs |
Globally Harmonized System is an international approach to hazard communication, providing agreed criteria for classification of chemical hazards, and a standardized approach to label elements and safety data sheets. |
| Glazing |
when the grinding wheel builds up material, and becomes too smooth to grind efficiently |
| Go/No-Go Gage |
a manual measuring gage of two different sizes. One size is the largest size which should fit and another which is is just above the tolerance zone and will not fit a feature. They do not tell you the size of a feature, just that the feature is within tolerance |
| Gradation |
A scale or series of lines representing the change in dimension. |
| Grade |
refers to the hardness of the abrasive bond on the grinding wheel |
| Grain |
see grit. also known as grit |
| Grit |
relates to the size of the individual grain of the abrasive found in grinding wheels |
| Grooving |
The process of cutting a groove on the lathe. |
| Grooving Bars |
Cutting tools that are designed for internal grooving operations. |
| Grooving Tools |
Cutting tools that are designed for grooving operations. |
| Gullet |
The gap between the blades cutting teeth |
| Hacksaw |
a manual saw designed for cutting tough materials such as metals using a back and forth cutting action |
| Half Nut Lever |
A lever that engages the apron with the lead screw during threading operations. |
| Hazard |
a potential source of harm or adverse health effect. Hazards are an inherent byproduct of many manufacturing processes which must be consistently and deliberately managed to prevent workplace injury. |
| Hazcom |
is a workplace safety program designed to educate employees about the potential hazards of chemicals and how to safely handle, use, and store them |
| Hazmat |
Short for Hazardous Materials, refers to substances or materials that pose a risk to human health, the environment, or property due to their inherent physical, chemical, or biological properties. |
| Head |
The component of a machine that contains the spindle. |
| Headstock |
The component at the far left of the lathe bed. It contains the spindle and the gears for speed changes. |
| Heel |
The relief on the tip of a rotational tool directly behind the cutting edge. |
| Hidden Lines |
feature lines which are not visible from the viewing plane and are represented by a broken or dashed line. |
| Hmis |
a hazard communication system developed by the National Paint & Coatings Association (NPCA) to provide consistent hazard ratings for chemicals used in the workplace |
| Horizontal Bandsaw |
a machine that uses a thin metal strip moving in a loop with cutting teeth on the edge, oriented parallel to the floor using gravity to cut material. |
| Id |
inside diameter |
| In-Feed |
The movement of the grinding wheel being lowered into the material to make a cut along the Y axis. |
| In-Process Checks |
are routine checks performed during production to ensure that the product quality is met. |
| Indexing |
The process of rotating a workpiece in precise increments. See also dividing |
| Indexing Crank |
The lever the operator turns in order to rotate an indexing head. |
| Indexing Pin |
The pin that is placed into the holes of the indexing plates during the positioning process. |
| Indexing Plate |
A plate with a set, or sets, of predetermined hole patterns used as a template for indexing. |
| Indexing Shaft |
The shaft that connects the indexing crank to the worm gear. |
| Ingoing Nip |
A pinch point where the grinding wheel is near the material. The “in” side will pull anything into it. |
| Inside Dimension |
a measurement performed on an inside feature of a part. |
| Inspection Standard |
is a piece of equipment with a calibrated size that is used to check other pieces of inspection equipment. |
| International Organization Of Standardization (Iso) |
an independent, non-governmental organization that creates voluntary, consensus-based international standards |
| Jacobs Taper |
a self-holding taper used for light-duty applications to secure a drill chuck to an arbor. |
| Kerf |
the amount of material removed by saw blade when making a cut |
| Knee |
The component of a milling machine that attaches to the column and provides an attachment point for the saddle. |
| Knurling |
The process of impressing revolving grooved wheels into the surface of a part. The material is displaced to create a pattern of straight, or diamond-shaped raised ridges on a metal workpiece. |
| Knurling Tools |
Cutting tools that are designed for knurling operations. See Knurling. |
| Lathe Dog |
A device that is bolted to work held between centers in order to transmit rotational force. |
| Layout |
the process for placing part feature markings onto the surface of the stock the part will be made from |
| Layout Dye |
a contrasting color used to provide a solid color base layer on which layout lines are scribed |
| Lead |
The amount a thread moves an object axially during a single rotation. |
| Lead Screw |
An acme screw that transmits power from the quick change gearbox to the apron for threading purposes. |
| Leader Line |
continuous line that connects a feature in a drawing to text |
| Magnetic Parallels |
Blocks that have an electronic field in which to hold parts while grinding |
| Magnetic V-Blocks |
Blocks with an angled shape and an electronic field in which to hold parts while grinding |
| Major Diameter |
The actual size of the largest diameter of a thread. |
| Margin |
The small raised section of the drill body that creates the diameter and stabilizes the tool in the cut. |
| Micrometer |
a gage that measures small distances |
| Mill Vise |
A primary precision work holding device used on a milling machine. |
| Minor Diameter |
The actual size of the smallest diameter of a thread. |
| Morse Taper |
a self-holding taper used in a variety of applications including: reamers, drill bits, mill holders, collets, and lathe centers. |
| Motor |
The component of a machine that provides the power for machining operations. |
| National Institute For Occupational Safety And Health (Niosh) |
NIOSH is a research agency within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIOSH conducts research and provides recommendations aimed at preventing workplace-related injuries, illnesses, and hazards. NIOSH’s work informs the development of OSHA standards and policies. |
| Ncm |
Non Conforming Material. This identification is used on setup parts to clearly show that the material einging used is not intended for the customer. |
| Nod |
On a manual mill, the nod is when the head is tiped forward, or back along the Y axis. |
| Nominal Diameter |
The general size that identifies a thread. |
| Nominal Dimension |
dimension refers to the standard or intended size, value, or dimension of a component or part without considering variations or deviations that may occur due to manufacturing processes or other factors |
| Nonferrous |
Material without iron |
| Occupational Safety And Health Administration (Osha) |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a federal agency under the United States Department of Labor. Its primary responsibility is to set and enforce standards for workplace safety and health. OSHA’s role includes inspecting workplaces, providing training and educational resources, and implementing regulations to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. |
| Od |
Outside diameter |
| Oil Cup |
A small reservoir that gradually gravity feeds oil to components during the operation of machine tools. |
| One Shot Oiler |
An oiling mechanism that provides lubrication to multiple points on a machine tool in a single application. |
| Orthographic Projections |
A means of representing a three dimensional drawing in two dimensions for the purpose of feature identification |
| Outgoing Nip |
A pinch point where the grinding wheel is near the material. The “out” side will push anything away from it. |
| Outside Dimensions |
a measurement performed on the outside of a part. |
| Overall Dimension |
primary dimensions that define the overall size of the part in terms of length, width, and depth. |
| Parallel |
refers to the relationship between two items, such as a layout line and the edge of the stock, which extend in the same direction. |
| Parallels |
A device used to accurately elevate work from precision surfaces. |
| Part Off Blade |
Cutting tools that are designed for parting operations. |
| Parting |
The process of cutting a finished part from bar length material on a lathe. |
| Pitch |
the distance from one tooth to the next. exspressed as 1/TPI. |
| Pitch Diameter |
The theoretical diameter where the widths of the threads and the grooves are equal. |
| Pocketing |
The process of using an end mill to cut recessed features on the face of a workpiece. |
| Point Style Punches |
form tools with conical ends designed to be struck with a hammer, leaving a dimple on the stock material |
| Power Feed |
A device that applies a consistent mechanized rate to the movement of machine tools. |
| Power Tapping |
The process of using the spindle power of a machine tool to drive a tap into the workpiece. |
| Ppe |
Personal Protective Equipment is specialized clothing, equipment, or devices designed to protect individuals from potential hazards, injuries, or health risks in the workplace or other environments |
| Precision |
the process of being exact or accurate |
| Primary Views |
fundamental pictorial views utilized to illustrate the most information about the part. |
| Pulleys |
A part of the powertrain that aids in transmitting power from the motor to the spindle. |
| Punch |
a tool that is designed to be struck with a hammer |
| Push Stick |
any object that can be used to push parts through the saw instead of fingers. |
| Quick Change Gearbox |
An internal gearbox that contains a combination of gears necessary for power feed operations on a lathe. |
| Quick Change Tool Post |
A modern standard in tool holding. Allows the operator to quickly and repeatedly change tools during the machining process. |
| Quill |
The telescoping component on machine tools that allows for easy hole making procedures. |
| Quill Stop |
A mechanism that allows for a maximum depth to be set for the quill movement. |
| Radius Cutting |
The process of using milling cutters to create radius features on a workpiece. |
| Ram |
The component of a milling machine that sits on top of the column and provides an attachment point for the head. |
| Reamer |
A tool that creates a hole of increased diametral tolerance to that of twist drills. |
| Reaming |
The process of using a reamer to create a precision diameter in a hole. |
| Recessed |
A significant concave, or undercut feature of the grinding wheel |
| Reciprocating Tables |
A surface grinding machine that moves the workpiece back and forth beneath the grinding wheel. |
| Reduced Shank |
A shank that has a diameter smaller than the tool, allowing a large tool to be held in devices that traditionally wouldn’t have capacity. |
| Relieved |
A slight concave shape of the grinding wheel |
| Resolution |
the smallest increment of measurement in a numerical value or measurement |
| Ring Test |
A process performed to verify a grinding wheel is not structurally damaged. It requires suspending the wheel loosely on a screw driver and rapping the side of the wheel with a hard-plastic handle. It should be a high-pitched ring note. If not, the wheel has a crack in it and should not be used. |
| Rocker Tool Post |
An antiquated style of tool holding device that uses a rocking motion to position the height of the tool. |
| Root |
The surface at the bottom of the groove of a thread. |
| Rotary Table |
A rotary table is a mechanical device designed to rotate a workpiece around a vertical axis. A vise can be mounted on top of the table to allow for circular, and angled cuts. |
| Rotational Torque |
The centrical force acting radially on a wheel when first turned on |
| Roughness Average (Ra) |
It’s the arithmetic average of the heights of the microscopic peaks and valleys across a surface |
| Runout |
Runout is the total variation that the reference surface can have when the part is rotated around the datum’s true axis. |
| Saddle |
The component of a milling machine that attaches to the knee and provides an attachment point for the table. |
| Safe Edge |
A file with sides that lack cutting teeth and prevents damaging adjacent surfaces while filing. |
| Saw Blade Pitch |
The distance between two adjacent cutting teeth on a saw blade |
| Scratches |
A grinding wheel may fracture leaving a jagged edge that will leave scratches on the part. |
| Scribe |
a tool with a sharp point used to scratch lines during layout operations |
| Sds (Msds) |
Safety Data Sheets, formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), are essential documents that provide comprehensive information about hazardous chemicals or substances. |
| Seating A Part Against Parallels |
The process of tapping a part downward into a vise in order to eliminate gaps in setup components. |
| Section View |
a section view is a view perspective in relation to the cutting plane lines drawn through a part. |
| Sector |
is a portion of an industry that allows for the ability to segregate information. |
| Selector Arms |
A time savings and accuracy device used during simple indexing that eliminates the need to count the holes of the indexing plate for each division. |
| Semi-Precise |
a term used to explain a lower level of detail in manufacturing processes. |
| Shank |
The section of a tool that is gripped by tool holding devices. |
| Shape |
the profile of the grinding wheel |
| Side Milling |
The process of using the side of an end mill to cut vertical surfaces. |
| Sight Glass |
A small circular window into a gearbox located at the correct oil level. This allows the operator to see the level of oil at a glance. |
| Silicon Carbide |
A synthetic abrasive manufactured through the fusion of high grade silica sand and finely ground carbon used to cut non ferrous materials. |
| Silt |
the fine material that comes off of the part and mixes with the coolant. |
| Simple Indexing |
The process of indexing that uses the smaller increments of the simple indexing plates. This process is based on revolving the work in fractions of a full rotation. |
| Single Cut File |
has a single row of cutting teeth much like a saw blade and they remove material in a less aggressive manner than the double cut files. |
| Slide Caliper |
a measuring tool used to measure inside, outside and depth dimensions utilizing a set of measuring surfaces attached to two different mechanisms which have a sliding relationship to one another. |
| Slitting |
The process of a slitting saw to create thin narrow cut features on a workpiece. |
| Slitting Saw |
A milling tool that is used to create thin linear cuts with circular saw blades. |
| Slotting |
The process of using an end mill to cut long narrow features. |
| Spindle |
The powered rotational component of a machine tool. |
| Spindle Lock |
A device that is used to secure the spindle from moving during machining operations. |
| Spindle Speed |
The rate at which a spindle is rotating. Often expressed in rotations per minute (RPM). |
| Spot Drill |
A tool used to create an initial divot for hole making procedures. |
| Spring Collet |
A tool holding device that utilizes the flexibility and collapse of the device under force to secure tools. |
| Square |
A layout tool used to create straight lines in relation to the stock’s edge |
| Square Tool Post |
A tool holding device that is capable of holding multiple tools as well as the ability to easily cycle between them. |
| Steady Rest |
A support component that is used to hold the outside of the work when turning long flexible workpieces. |
| Stock |
is the term used by machinists when referencing the beginning material size and composition before work has begun to form it into the finished product |
| Straight Edge |
a precision ground tool that has a more accurate edge than a ruler |
| Straight Shank |
A shank that is of constant uniform diameter. |
| Stress Relieving |
When the part is cut, or ground, it can release the stress in the part. This will cause the part to bend. |
| Subtractive Manufacturing |
Subtractive manufacturing is various material removal processes that start with solid blocks, bars, rods of plastic, metal, or other materials that are shaped by removing material through cutting, boring, drilling, and grinding. |
| Surface Profilometer |
a tool used to measure the surface texture of a part. It can outout the actual roughness average measured on a part. |
| Surface Texture |
The scratches left behind after a machining operation |
| Swing |
The maximum diameter that can be turned on a lathe. |
| Table |
The component where material or a work holding device is placed, on a machine tool. |
| Tailstock |
A support component that is used to hold the end of the work with a center when turning long flexible workpieces. Also used for performing hole making operations. |
| Tang |
a file is the part designed for attaching a handle |
| Tap |
A tool that creates internal threads. |
| Tap Chamfer |
the first series of threaded lands at the beginning of the tap |
| Tap Drill |
The proper size drill bit for a tap |
| Tap Flutes |
the space between tap lands that provide a space for cut chips to accumulate during the tapping operation |
| Tap Lands |
the location on a tap where cutting edges are ground and they create the chip by slicing the material away |
| Taper Shank |
A shank that has a specific precision diameter deviation. |
| Taper Turning |
The process of cutting conical tapered features on the lathe. |
| Tapping |
The process of using a tap to create threads in a hole. |
| The 10X Rule |
requires measuring equipment to be ten times more accurate than the dimension being measured |
| Third Angle Projection |
the 3D object is seen to be in the 3rd quadrant. It is positioned below and behind the viewing planes, the planes are transparent, and each view is pulled onto the plane closest to it. The front plane of projection is seen to be between the observer and the object. |
| Thread Die |
a tool used to create external threads on a cylindrical workpiece, such as bar stock or a pipe |
| Thread Micrometer |
Also called a Pitch Micrometer, this is a special purpose micrometer used to measure the pitch diameter of threads. |
| Thread Pitch |
The distance a fastener advances with one rotation. For a single start thread, it is the distance between thread tips. |
| Thread Tap |
the tool used to create internal threads. |
| Thread Tapping |
The action of creating internal threads in a drilled hole |
| Thread Wires |
A set of three identical precision wires used to measure the pitch diameter with a regular micrometer. |
| Threaded Plug Gages |
A fixed gage used to check internal thread size. Generally used in a set, one go, one no-go. |
| Threaded Ring Gages |
A fixed gage used to check external thread size. Generally used in a set, one go, one no-go. |
| Threading |
The process of cutting threads on the lathe. |
| Threading Bars |
Cutting tools that are designed for internal threading operations. |
| Threading Dial |
A device that allows the operator to precisely time the engagement of the half nut lever during threading operations. |
| Threading Tools |
Cutting tools that are designed for threading operations. |
| Threads Per Inch |
TPI, The number of threads in one inch of length measured along the thread. |
| Three Jaw Chuck |
A work holding device that uses three simultaneously moving jaws to grip material. |
| Three Tooth Rule |
The principle of having a minimum of three teeth of the saw blade engauged in the material |
| Title Block |
a section of a drawing that has information that pertains to the entire set of drawings |
| Tolerance |
the accepted amount of variation between part measured dimensions and the nominal dimension from the print. |
| Tool Post |
The component of a lathe that attaches to the compound rest and provides an attachment point for the cutting tools. |
| Tool Rest |
an adjustable platform that is used to support the part during grinding |
| Tool Setup |
The process or processes of setting up a cutting tool on a machine tool. |
| Tooth Set |
the deliberate bending of the tooth to the left and right of the blade creating an offset from one tooth to the next on a saw blade |
| Touch Off |
the process of bringing the grinding wheel down to the top of the part without hitting the part |
| Trammed |
When the head of a manual mill is set up perpendicularly to both the X, and Y axis. |
| Tramming |
The process of bringing the head of a manual mill to be perpendicular to both the X, and Y axis. |
| Transfer Punch |
a tool that is designed to be struck with a hammer and transfer the hole’s center point onto stock material |
| Truing |
Running a diamond tool across the wheel to ensure that the wheel is turning in a circular pattern |
| Turning |
The process of using a turning tool to cut parallel to the rotational axis of the lathe. |
| Twist Drill |
A tool used to create a hole. |
| Vertical Bandsaw |
a machine that uses a thin metal strip moving in a loop with cutting teeth on the edge, oriented perpendicular to the floor, and needs to have the material pushed into the sawblade. |
| Waviness |
Irregular patterns in the finish from a wheel that has not been trued up. |
| Way Oil |
A specific lubricating oil that is applied to the ways of machine tools. |
| Ways |
The precision metal surfaces that machine axes ride on. |
| Web |
The material that exists from the flute on one side of a tool to the flute on the other. |
| Whole Numbers |
the complete quantity of units we are measuring such as an inch or a millimeter |
| Work Setup |
The process or processes of setting up the material on a machine tool. |
| Workholding |
the process of securing and holding a workpiece firmly in place during various machining operations |
| Workspeed |
The speed at which the grinding wheel passes over a workpiece traveling left to right along the X axis. |
| Worm Gear |
A gear that is a tight helix around a shaft, similar to an external thread. |
| Worm Wheel |
A gear designed to mesh with a worm gear. It looks similar to a spur gear. |
| Zerk |
A metal fitting used to lubricate machinery with grease. |
