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Table of Contents
1.1. Crime and the Criminal Justice System
Shanell Sanchez and Kate McLean
1.2. Deviance, Rule Violations, and Criminality
1.3. Interactionist View
Shanell Sanchez
1.4. Consensus View and Decriminalizing Laws
1.5. Conflict View
1.6. The Four C’s: Cops, Courts, Corrections - and Citizens
1.7. The Crime Control and Due Process Models
1.8. How Cases Move Through the System
1.9. Media Coverage of Crimes
2.1 Different Types of Crimes and Offenses
2.2. The Dark or Hidden Figure of Crime
2.3. Official Statistics
2.4. Victimization Studies
2.5. Self-Report Statistics
2.6. Misuse of Statistics
3.1. Functions and Limitations of Law
Lore Rutz-Burri and Kate McLean
3.2. Civil, Criminal, and Moral Wrongs
Lore Rutz-Burri
3.3. Sources of Criminal Law: Federal and State Constitutions
3.4. Sources of Criminal Law: Statutes, Ordinances, and Other Legislative Enactments
3.5. Sources of Law: Administrative Law, Common Law, Case Law and Court Rules
3.6. Classifications of Law
3.7. Substantive Law: Defining Crimes, Inchoate Liability, and Accomplice Liability
3.8: Substantive Law: Defenses
Kate McLean and Shanell Sanchez
3.9. Procedural Law
3.10: The Fourth Amendment
Kate McLean
3.11. The Fifth Amendment
3.12. The Sixth Amendment
3.13. The Fourteenth Amendment
4.1. Policing in Ancient Times
Tiffany Morey and Kate McLean
4.2. Sir Robert Peel
4.3. Policing Eras
4.4. Levels of Policing and Role of Police
Tiffany Morey
4.5. Recruitment and Hiring in Policing
4.6: Police Diversity and Recruitment
4.7. Police Misconduct, Accountability, and Corruption
4.8. Police Accountability: Internal Affairs and Discipline
4.9. Police Accountability: Individual Prosecution
4.10. Police Accountability: Body Cameras
Tiffany Morey and Tommy Tran
4.12. Police Accountability: Federal Interventions
4.13. Police Accountability: Reducing Discretion
5.1. Introduction to the U.S. Court System
5.2. Jurisdiction
5.3. Structure of the Courts: The Dual Court and Federal Court System
5.4. Structure of the Courts: State Courts
5.5. American Trial Courts and the Principle of Orality
5.6. The Appeals Process, Standard of Review, and Appellate Decisions
5.8. Courtroom Players: Prosecutors
5.7. Courtroom Players: Judges and Court Staff
5.9. Courtroom Workgroup: Defense Attorneys
5.10. Putting It Together
6.1. Introduction to Sentencing in the U.S.
6.2. Indeterminate Sentencing
Kate McLean and Lore Rutz-Burri
6.3. Determinate Sentencing
6.4. Presumptive Sentencing Guidelines
6.5. Mandatory Minimums and Sentencing Enhancements
6.6. Other Sentences: Physical Punishment
6.7. Other Sentences: Monetary Punishment
6.8. Other Sentences: Community-Based Sentences
7.1. A Brief History of Punishment
David Carter and Kate McLean
7.2. Retribution
7.3. Deterrence
7.4. Incapacitation
7.5. Rehabilitation
7.6. A Brief History of Prisons and Jails
7.7. Who Goes to Jail?
David Carter; Kate McLean; and Margarita Armas
7.8. Growth of Prisons in the United States
7.9. Types of Prisons
7.10. Prison Levels
7.11. Prisoner Rights
7.12. Who Goes to Prison?
8.1. What is diversion?
8.2. Intermediate Sanctions
8.3. Probation
8.4. Boot Camps/Shock Incarceration
David Carter
8.5. Drug Courts
8.6. Halfway Houses
8.7. House Arrest
8.8. Community Residential Facilities
8.9. Restorative Justice
8.10. Parole
9.1. Trends in Youth Offending
Alison S. Burke and Kate McLean
9.2. Juvenile Justice Introduction
9.3. History of the Juvenile Justice System
9.4. Invention of Delinquency
9.5. Juvenile Justice System
Alison S. Burke; Kate McLean; and Jessica Ma
9.6. Due Process Revolution in Juvenile Court
9.7. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
Alison S. Burke
9.8. Getting Tough: Initiatives for Punishment and Accountability
9.9. Returning to Rehabilitation in the Contemporary Juvenile Justice System
9.10. The Structure of the Juvenile Justice System
9.11. Juvenile Institutions
10.1. Current Issues: Mass Incarceration
10.2. Current Issues: The War on Drugs and Gangs
10.3. Current Issues: Aging and Overcrowded Prisons
10.4. Current Issues: Transcarceration
10.5. Current Issues: The Revolving Door
Glossary
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Introduction to the U.S. Criminal Justice System Copyright © 2019 by Alison S. Burke, David Carter, Brian Fedorek, Tiffany Morey, Lore Rutz-Burri, and Shanell Sanchez is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.