7.2 Equipment Used in the Maritime Industry
Douglas Rupik, M.Ed., JIW
Maritime welding could be called a cross between a fabrication shop and construction welding. While it arguably has elements of both industries (without the earthmoving equipment), it also has its own unique characteristics. Maritime working conditions include confined spaces, fire hazards (especially in repair work), and the hazard of working over deep water (OSHA, n.d. General).
Hoisting and Lifting Equipment
In new construction in shipyards, hoisting and lifting equipment will often be identical to that in fabrication shops or construction sites. If the ship or boat is being built indoors, you will likely use an overhead crane, while if the new construction is taking place outside, a gantry crane will probably be used. Repair and refitting work may require hoisting inside a completed vessel. In these cases, pad eyes or lifting lugs may need to be attached to the inside of the vessel in order to have something to hang a chain fall or electric hoist to. This anchor point must have suitable welds and sufficient lifting strength.
Aerial Lifts and Platforms
To access points outside of a vessel when working in dry dock, scaffolding or aerial work platforms such as scissor lifts may be used. When inside a vessel, however, access is more limited, and welders may be forced to work from ladders or scaffolding to reach overhead work.
A flotation device may need to be worn in addition to fall protection if you are lifted in a position over open water.
Ventilation Equipment
Maritime work involves the hazard of working in confined spaces that may be subject to fire, falls, entrapment, or hazardous atmospheres. Each shipyard is required to have a trained person to monitor and evaluate workspaces. The possibility of workers carrying out different yet dangerous tasks in areas separated only by metal bulkheads increases potential hazards (OSHA, n.d., Ship).
Since boats and ships require absolute water- and air-tightness, ventilation can be poor. This means it is easy for hazardous elements to accumulate during work operations. Therefore, ventilation equipment, such as fans and ductwork, and air quality sampling equipment is used to ensure healthy air exchange. In some instances, personnel may be required to use a supplied air source while working. (See Chapter 3 for a thorough explanation of ventilation PPE.)
Equipment to help move the air around the workspace to maintain breathable air.