13 Primary Sources: Ancient Egypt and Africa

Primary Sources

Egypt

Government and the State

The Palette of Narmer, c. 3200BC [image and description]

Birth of Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty

The Restoration Stele of Tutankahmen, c. 1330 BCE

Pen-ta-ur: The Victory of Ramses II Over the Khita, 1326 BCE

The Battle of Kadesh, Egyptian Account, c. 1294 BCE

Culture and Religion

Tales of Ancient Egypt: The Shipwrecked Sailor, c. 2200 BCE

Hymn to the Nile, (c. 2100 BCE)

Akhnaten (r. 1363-1347 BCE): Hymn to Aten

Egyptian Creation Story

Hathor’s Rage and the Destruction of Mankind

The Osirian Cycle

Egyptian Love Poetry, c. 2000-1100 BCE

The Tale of The Eloquent Peasant, c. 1800 BCE

The Egyptian Negative Confession Book of the Dead, Chapter 125, c. 1250 BCE

Egypt’s Neighbors

Harkhuf’s Tomb Inscription [may contain ads]

Accounts of Meröe, Kush, and Axum, c. 430 BCE – 550 CE

Accounts of Ancient Mauretania, c. 430 BCE- 550 CE

Exodus (Revised Standard Version of the Bible)

Carthaginians

Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Carthaginian Attack on Sicily, 480 BCE

The Carthaginian Law of Sacrifices, c. 400 BCE

Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Constitution of Carthage, c. 340 BCE

Polybius, Rome and Carthage compared