State and Local Public Health Departments

Public health departments focus on the well-being of the community and are often funded by state and federal governments. They typically provide services to underserved communities with limited access to affordable healthcare. Primary care is one of many services provided by state and local public health departments, along with access to pharmacies, dental care, substance abuse counseling, and mental health care.

Sexual health clinics can be an extension of state and local health departments, providing care focused on sexual and reproductive health for people of all genders. These clinics offer various services, including access to contraceptive devices, screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections, screenings for  cervical, testicular, and breast cancers, vaccinations, and HIV services such as testing, treatment, education, and access to preventive medications. Additionally, these clinics may provide abortion services or referrals and counseling.

Mobile health services may also be provided by state and local health departments. These services aim to support underserved communities, ensuring access to necessary care.

Tribal Health

Tribal health refers to healthcare services provided to American Indians and Alaska Natives, who are members of federally recognized tribes in the United States. The Indian Health Service (IHS) is the principal provider of care for these communities, offering federal funding for health services to recognized tribes. The overarching mission of IHS is to elevate the physical, mental, and spiritual health and well-being of American Indian and Alaska Native people to the highest level. IHS healthcare services are generally contracted and operated by private providers, and it has demonstrated success in rural healthcare programs nationwide, emphasizing public health and community outreach through various activities and events.

Schools

School health services provide students with preventive care, including vision and hearing screenings and flu vaccinations. School health often involves family engagement, an important element for supporting students with chronic health conditions. Building a strong foundation between school health and families promotes better communication and enhances student success.

Jails and Prisons

Correctional facilities such as jails and prisons provide a wide range of health services to those who are incarcerated. The level and type of care depend on the specific correctional facility. In general, inmates can receive support for various medical, mental health, and substance abuse problems while incarcerated.

Attributions

1. Figure 2.6: APG Hosts Mass-Immunization Clinic – Jan. 14, 2022 by Aberdeen Proving Ground is released under CC BY 2.0