3.5 References

American Thoracic Society. (2021, May 16). Removal of “Race Correction” in Pulmonary Function Tests Shows More Prevalent and Severe Lung Disease among Black Patients. www.thoracic.org. Press Releases from the ATS International Conference. https://www.thoracic.org/about/newsroom/press-releases/conference/removal-of-race-correction-in-pulmonary-function-tests.php

Angelino, D., Godos, J., Ghelfi, F., Tieri, M., Titta, L., Lafranconi, A., Marventano, S., Alonzo, E., Gambera, A., Sciacca, S., Buscemi, S., Ray, S., Galvano, F., Del Rio, D., & Grosso, G. (2019). Fruit and vegetable consumption and health outcomes: An umbrella review of observational studies. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 70(6), 652–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2019.1571021

(ATSDR) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2023, November 20). Environmental justice index(EJI). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/eji/index.html

Bigler, R. (2010, January 26). Civil rights coalition announces 2010 legislative priorities. The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights. https://civilrights.org/2010/01/26/civil-rights-coalition-announces-2010-legislative-priorities/

(CDC) Center for Disease Control & Prevention. (2013, July). Public Health Financing. CDC 24/7. US Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/publichealthgateway/docs/finance/public_health_financing-6-17-13.pdf

(CDC) Center for Disease Control & Prevention. (2014, May 1). Up to 40 percent of annual deaths from each of five leading US causes are preventable. CDC Newsroom. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220092917/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0501-preventable-deaths.html

(CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, August 13). Smokeless Tobacco: Health Effects. Fast Facts and Fact Sheets. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/smokeless/health_effects/index.htm

(CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, December 28). Risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and Death by race/ethnicity. https://web.archive.org/web/20230310044848/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/COVID-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html

Cerdeña, J. P., Plaisime, M. V., & Tsai, J. (2020). From race-based to race-conscious medicine: how anti-racist uprisings call us to act. The Lancet (British Edition), 396(10257), 1125–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32076-6

Chin, H. B., Sipe, T. A., Elder, R., Mercer, S. L., Chattopadhyay, S. K., Jacob, V., Wethington, H. R., Kirby, D., Elliston, D. B., Griffith, M., Chuke, S. O., Briss, S. C., Ericksen, I., Galbraith, J. S., Herbst, J. H., Johnson, R. L., Kraft, J. M., Noar, S. M., Romero, L. M., & Santelli, J. (2012). The effectiveness of group-based comprehensive risk-reduction and abstinence education interventions to prevent or reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus, and sexually transmitted infections: two systematic reviews for the Guide to Community Preventive Services. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(3), 272-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.006

Columbia University. (2017, August 22). Abstinence-only Education Is a Failure. Mailman School of Public Health News. https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/news/abstinence-only-education-failure

Ferrante, G., Simoni, M., Cibella, F., Ferrara, F., Liotta, G., Malizia, V., Corsello, G., Viegi, G., & Grutta, S. L. (2013). Third-hand smoke exposure and health hazards in children. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, 79(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2013.108

Hayes A. (2019, October 21). What Is Redlining? Definition, Legality, and Effects. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/redlining.asp

Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016). Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(16), 4296–4301. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516047113

Jatoi, I., Sung, H., & Jemal, A. (2022). The emergence of the racial disparity in U. S. Breast-cancer mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 386(25), 2349–2352. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2200244

Kandola, A., & Stubbs, B. (2020). Exercise and Anxiety. In J. Xiao (Ed.), Physical Exercise for Human Health (pp. 345–352). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_23

Keisler-Starkey, K., & Bunch, L. N. (2021). Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2020. U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2021/demo/p60-274.html

Kinzbrunner, B. M. (2004). Jewish Medical Ethics and End-of-Life Care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 7(4), 558–573. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2004.7.558

Krittanawong, C., Isath, A., Rosenson, R. S., Khawaja, M., Wang, Z., Fogg, S. E., Virani, S. S., Qi, L., Cao, Y., Long, M. T., Tangney, C. C., & Lavie, C. J. (2022). Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. The American Journal of Medicine, 135(10), 1213-1230.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.021

Melvin, S. C., Wiggins, C., Burse, N., Thompson, E., & Monger, M. (2020). The Role of Public Health in COVID-19 Emergency Response Efforts From a Rural Health Perspective. Preventing Chronic Disease, 17. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200256

National Cancer Institute. (2017, July 11). Chemicals in meat cooked at high temperatures and cancer risk. National Institutes of Health. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/cooked-meats-fact-sheet .

(NIAAA) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2021, March). Alcohol Facts and Statistics. National Institute of Health. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/NIAAA_Alcohol_Facts_and_Stats_2.pdf

(OASH) Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2020). Healthy People 2030. US Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople

Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act P.L. 104 – 208 110 STAT. 1321 (1997). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-104publ208/pdf/PLAW-104publ208.pdf

Osei, A. D., Mirbolouk, M., Orimoloye, O. A., Dzaye, O., Uddin, S. M. I., Benjamin, E. J., Hall, M. E., DeFilippis, A. P., Bhatnagar, A., Biswal, S. S., & Blaha, M. J. (2020). Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Smoking Status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016 and 2017. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 58(3), 336–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.10.014

Phadke, V. K., Bednarczyk, R. A., Salmon, D. A., & Omer, S. B. (2016). Association Between Vaccine Refusal and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: A Review of Measles and Pertussis. JAMA, 315(11), 1149–1158. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.1353

Valbuena, V. S. M., Seelye, S., Sjoding, M. W., Valley, T. S., Dickson, R. P., Gay, S. E., Claar, D., Prescott, H. C., & Iwashyna, T. J. (2022). Racial bias and reproducibility in pulse oximetry among medical and surgical inpatients in general care in the Veterans Health Administration 2013-19: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study. BMJ, 378, e069775. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069775

Washington T. (2021, November 21). University of Maryland Medicine to Eliminate Race from Kidney Function Estimates. https://www.umms.org/ummc/news/2021/eliminate-race-from-kidney-estimates

What is Public Health? (n.d.). CDC Foundation. Retrieved November 29, 2023, from https://www.cdcfoundation.org/what-public-health

Woodward, A., Klonizakis, M., & Broom, D. (2020). Exercise and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. In J. Xiao (Ed.), Physical Exercise for Human Health (pp. 123–136). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_8

(WHO) World Health Organization. (n.d.). History of Vaccination. Retrieved November 29, 2023, from https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination

(WHO) World Health Organization. (2023). WHO remains firmly committed to the principles set out in the preamble to the Constitution. www.who.int/about/governance/constitution

Zelnick, L. R., Leca, N., Young, B., & Bansal, N. (2021). Association of the estimated glomerular filtration rate with vs without a coefficient for race with time to eligibility for kidney transplant. JAMA Network Open, 4(1), e2034004. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.34004