Chapter 1. Introducing Critical Thinking and Philosophical Inquiry
§2 The Process of Critical Thinking
2.1 Recognizing Assumptions
Critical thinkers are adept at identifying underlying assumptions that shape arguments and perspectives. They question the implicit beliefs and biases that often influence our thinking and challenge them through rigorous analysis.
2.2 Analyzing Arguments
The ability to critically analyze arguments is a fundamental aspect of critical thinking. By examining the structure, validity, and soundness of an argument, individuals can determine its logical coherence and evaluate its strength.
2.3 Evaluating Evidence
Critical thinkers understand the importance of evidence in supporting or refuting a claim. They assess the quality, relevance, and reliability of evidence, employing logical reasoning to draw well-founded conclusions.
2.4 Avoiding Fallacies
Fallacy = Error in reasoning
Fallacies are common errors in reasoning that can undermine the validity of an argument. Critical thinkers are skilled at recognizing and avoiding fallacies, ensuring that their analysis remains objective and accurate.
2.5 Formulating Well-Reasoned Judgments
The ultimate goal of critical thinking is to arrive at well-reasoned judgments based on careful evaluation and analysis. Critical thinkers weigh different perspectives, consider counterarguments, and make informed decisions that are supported by logical reasoning and evidence.
