Chapter 2 Knowledge Check

Quiz yourself using the following chapter review questions to check how well you can recall the material.

Review Questions

1. True or False: High-quality ECE programs turn to child development theory to create effective learning environments for children.
2. Accordion:
   1. The three stages of social development related to ECE through which children (Birth-8 years) progress: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations.
      1. The sensorimotor stage spans between the ages of birth and two years, a child is in the. In this stage, children explore objects using their hands and mouth and coordinate sensory experiences through physical movement.
   2. Preoperational stage.
      1. During this second stage, a child engages in symbolic reasoning which leads to pretend play.
   3. Concrete operations stage
      1. The 3rd stage takes place between the ages of seven to twelve years. During this stage, children begin to use logical reasoning
3. Constructivism dictates that:
   1. new knowledge builds upon previous knowledge
   2. behaviors can be shaped
   3. children learn through social interactions
   4. child development moves through stages
4. According to behaviorism theory, children’s behaviors can be shaped through external cues known as __________ .
5. True or False: Scaffolding is the assistance given to support or give specific help to complete a skill.
6. When a child does not seek proximity to the caregiver or does not seem distressed at the caregiver’s absence, the attachment pattern would be labeled:
   1. Secure
   2. Insecure Avoidant
   3. Insecure Resistant
   4. Insecure Disorganized
7. True or False: In our diverse contemporary society, it is important to consider how specific parts of a theory can be applied in a culturally responsive way.
8. Which of the following is a meaningful way for educators to inform their professional practice?
   1. Engage with current scientific research.
   2. Learn from internet searches about professional development.
   3. Use information from the first study you identify.
   4. Disregard cultural knowledge. Engage in the practices we’ve “always” used in ECE.
9. High-quality programs know that grounding program practices in sound theory leads to better __________ for children.
10. The goal of the Perry Preschool Project was to:
    1. Promote school readiness by providing families extra support
    2. Developing the child in all areas
    3. Reform the way children learn in group settings
    4. Enroll low-income children in high-quality preschool experiences
11. True or False: Maria Montessori’s work helped to elevate and professionalize teaching as a career path for women.
12. In the Montessori approach, older children can __________  behavior for younger children, which can facilitate learning better than direct instruction.
13. Reggio Emilia programs encourage which of the following:
    1. Art and music
    2. Plan-do-review and family involvement
    3. Observation and completion
    4. Holistic process and opportunities
14. True or False: The concept of forest schools is that children spend their whole day outdoors, in all weather, where all activities take place outside, except sleeping.
15. There are __________ major theories of child development.

Answer Key

1. True
2. N/A
3. New knowledge builds upon previous knowledge. This scaffolding happens as children start to organize information into categories.
4. Reinforcers. Reinforcers are actions taken by adults to encourage or discourage behaviors.
5. True. Scaffolding is an important way to support learning.
6. Insecure Avoidant. Insecure avoidant is not sensitive to a child’s needs and appears distant.
7. True. Our contemporary society is diverse, and it is important to reflect this diversity in our approaches to teaching and learning.
8. Engage with current scientific research. This research should be about child development and early childhood education.
9. Outcomes. Use of child development theories to inform practice grounds the practices leading to better outcomes for children.
10. Enroll low-income children in high-quality preschool experiences. High Scope and the Perry Preschool Project sought to improve life outcomes for children enrolled.
11. False. Lucy Sprague Mitchell was the education reformer who developed innovative for educating children and helped to professionalize teaching for women.
12. Model. The mixed age groupings of Montessori classrooms means a great deal of peer learning is happening.
13.  Art and Music. The Reggio Emilia approach promotes that the child explores the world and is free to express themself.
14.  True: Forest Schools typically are either half-day programs, or enroll only children old enough to not require  napping.
15. Seven/7. Each theory is a bit different from others, and each is useful in understanding children’s needs at a given age. Cognitive developmental, behaviorism, social learning theory, sociocultural development, psychosocial theory, attachment theory, and ecological systems theory.