Chapter 4 Knowledge Check

Chapter 4

Quiz yourself using the following chapter review questions to check how well you can recall the material.

Review Questions

1. There are four main _______ in child development.
2. True or False: Toxic stress can lead to childhood trauma and be detrimental to the early childhood stages of development.
3. Brain development is an important part of which developmental domain:
   1. Cognitive
   2. Social
   3. Physical
   4. Emotional
4. Accordian:
   1.  Motor skills refer to:
      1. a child’s ability to move and coordinate motion using their bodies.
   2. Gross motor skills
      1. Involve “big muscles”, such as those needed for running, jumping, and climbing.
   3. Fine motor skills
      1. Involve “small muscles”, like those needed for writing, holding a spoon, and doing a puzzle.
5. True or False: Using their hands in varied, age-appropriate activities helps children strengthen fine motor skills and also promotes independence and emotional development.
6. One key area of cognitive development is called _______.
7. When children encounter a challenge, they learn to practice:
   1. Social Skills
   2. Problem Solving
   3. Executive Functioning
   4. Self-Reflection
8. True or False. Self-reflection is helpful in problem-solving and social development.
9. Accordion:
   1. Children learn to understand language in infancy through the following activities:
      1. Responsive interactions with adults
   2. Example #1: Adults should speak with and listen to infants starting at birth
      1. Taking turns talking with infants as they babble.
   3. Example #2: Make eye contact and use a gentle tone
      1. Engaging in eye contact and using gentle tones of voice supports the infant in feeling safe and encouraging engagement.
10.  True or False: Social and emotional development are interconnected aspects of a single domain called social-emotional development.
11. When a child’s growth aligns with expected milestones and age-based averages, it is referred to as _______.
12.  True or False. Developmental assessments are carried out by the teacher through observing the child at play or by playing small games and activities with the child, and then recording the child’s developmental milestones.
13. Planning curriculum means understanding what is appropriate at a given age or stage of development.
    1. Environments
    2. Assessment
    3. Curriculum
    4. Interactions
14. Accordion:
    1. There are six (6) guidelines for DAP included in the NAEYC Position Statement on DAP
       1. These begin with creating a caring community of learners and engaging in two-way partnerships with families.
    2. Observation, documentation, and assessment
       1. To support children’s development and learning, and our teaching practices.
    3. Planning and implementation
       1. Preparing an engaging curriculum, and demonstrating professionalism will support and enhance a child’s learning and development.
15. True or False. Understanding child development is a vital skill for all early childhood teachers.

Answer Key

1. Developmental domains. These are the four (4) specific areas in which growth occurs. The areas include: thinking, emotions, movement, and social interactions.
2. True.  It can also impact social, emotional, and cognitive development, as well as lead to long-term health-related issues.
3. Physica. Development in the physical domain begins in utero (before birth) and includes all things related to the body, including basic survival and movement.
4. N/A
5. True.  Fine motor skills begin with a child’s ability to grasp an object and develop throughout the early years.
6. Executive Function (commonly referred to as EF) encompasses attention, working memory, and inhibition.
7. Problem solving includes the ability to create step-by-step plans to do cognitive tasks.
8. False. Emotional development supports self reflection and is important to thinking about what you’re thinking, and answering the “why” of what we are doing.
9. N/A
10. False.  They are separate domains, each with unique functions.
11. Typical Development. Typical development agrees with the norms articulated for a specific age, such as on a developmental milestones tracker.
12. True.Observation of a child during play lets us see a child’s skills in real life, in the environment that is familiar.
13. Curriculum. Curriculum, offered at an appropriate developmental level, provides content and activities for learning.
14. N/A
15. True. All teachers should know and use this information and specifics related to the 4 developmental domains to plan an effective and meaningful curriculum to support learning and development.